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A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive...

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836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World War II decades immensely affected the lives of Americans. The nation struggled to put its social and political ideals into practice while fighting military wars over- seas and social wars at home. Understanding how these events unfolded provides a window to the world you live in today. The following resources offer more information about this period in American history. Primary Sources Library See pages 1056–1057 to find additional primary source readings to accompany Unit 9. Use the American History Primary Source Document Library CD-ROM to find additional primary sources about this eventful era. W hy It Matters Mural on building in Davenport, Iowa Poster from the March on Washington
Transcript
Page 1: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

836

1954ndash1980

A Time ofUpheaval

From a presidential assassination to massivegovernmental programs from the Vietnam

War to the civil rights movement thepostndashWorld War II decades immensely

affected the lives of Americans The nationstruggled to put its social and political ideals

into practice while fighting military wars over-seas and social wars at home Understanding

how these events unfolded provides a windowto the world you live in today The following

resources offer more information about thisperiod in American history

Primary Sources LibrarySee pages 1056ndash1057 to find additional

primary source readings to accompany Unit 9

Use the American History PrimarySource Document Library CD-ROM to

find additional primary sources about thiseventful era

Why It Matters

Mural on building inDavenport Iowa

Poster from theMarch on Washington

AV-836

null

3918363

ldquoWhat we won when all of ourpeople united must not now

be lost in suspicion distrustselfishness and politics rdquo

mdashLyndon Johnson 1968

838

The New Frontierand the Great Society

1961ndash1968

April 1961bull Bay of Pigs invasion December 1961

bull Presidential Commissionon the Status of Womencreated

1959bull Cuban revolution

brings Castro topower

April 1961bull Eichmann goes on

trial for crimesagainst Jews

June 1963bull Kennedy visits

Berlin Wall

Why It MattersPresident John F Kennedy urged Americans to work for progress and to stand firm against the

Soviets Cold War tensions and the threat of nuclear war peaked during the Cuban missile crisisKennedyrsquos assassination changed the nationrsquos mood but President Lyndon Johnson embraced

ambitious goals including working toward the passage of major civil rights legislation anderadicating poverty

The Impact TodayInitiatives introduced in this era remain a part of American society

bull Medicaid and Medicare legislation provides major health benefits for elderly andlow-income people

bull The Head Start program provides early educational opportunities for disadvantaged children

The American Vision Video The Chapter 28 video ldquoA New Frontier The Space Racerdquo explores the dramatic historyof the American space program

October 1962bull Cuban missile crisis

November 1963bull Kennedy

assassinatedLyndon Johnsonbecomes president

August 1961bull Construction of

Berlin Wallbegins

1960 1962 1964

Kennedy1961ndash1963

L Johnson1963ndash1969

1964bull South Africarsquos

Nelson Mandelasentenced to life in prison

AV-838

null

55484413

839

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit the American VisionWeb site at tavglencoecom

and click on ChapterOverviewsmdashChapter 28 to

preview chapter information

President John F Kennedy at his inaugural ball in 1961

March 1968bull Lyndon Johnson

announces that he willnot run for re-electionJuly 1965

bull Congress establishesMedicare andMedicaid programs

1966bull Indira Gandhi becomes

prime minister of India

1968bull Student riots

paralyze France

1966 1968

October 1966bull Fair Packaging and

Labeling Act passed

1960John Kennedy defeats RichardNixon for the presidency

840 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Election of 1960The television debates of the 1960 presidential election had enormous impact

Following the first debate the media focused more strongly on the appearance of thecandidates Suddenly the whole country seemed to have become experts on makeup and

On September 26 1960 at 930 PM eastern standard time streets all across the United States

grew strangely still An estimated 75 million people sat indoors focused on their television sets

where they saw two men standing behind lecterns One was John F Kennedy and the other was

Richard M Nixon

For the first time thanks to the wonders of television two presidential candidates were coming

right into the nationrsquos living rooms to debate Americans were enthralled ldquoYou hear each man

directlyrdquo observed one ldquoTherersquos nothing between you and what he saysrdquo added another ldquoYou can

see which man gets rattled easilyrdquo

The man who seemed to get rattled easily was Nixon Kennedy the Democratic nominee looked

healthy strong and confident Nixon the Republicansrsquo choice came across as tired and frazzled ldquoHe

appeared illrdquo one viewer commented In fact Nixon had been ill recently Kennedy had a glowing tan

while Nixonrsquos face was pale and drawn shadowed by the stubble of a beard As one observer noted

ldquoNixonrsquos eyes darted around perspiration was clearly noticeable on his chin and with the tight

shots these things were more obviousrdquo

mdashadapted from The Great Debate

The New Frontier

Main IdeaJohn F Kennedy encountered bothsuccess and setbacks on the domesticfront

Key Terms and Namesmissile gap New Frontier Earl Warrenreapportionment due process

Reading StrategyCategorizing As you read about thepresidency of John F Kennedy completea graphic organizer similar to the onebelow by filling in the domesticsuccesses and setbacks of Kennedyrsquosadministration

Reading Objectives bull Summarize Kennedyrsquos economic

policiesbull Explain why Congress often did not

support Kennedyrsquos proposals

Section ThemeCivic Rights and Responsibilities TheSupreme Court made decisions that pro-tected individual rights including theldquoone man one voterdquo decision

1961Kennedy creates Presidential Commissionon the Status of Women

1962Supreme Court issuesBaker v Carr ruling

1963Kennedy signs EqualPay Act for women

Successes Setbacks

196219611960 1963

AV-840

null

10600336

television lighting One Republican leader even won-dered if the Democrats had supplied Nixonrsquos makeup

With that debate the era of television politics hadbegun Though television had been used in cam-paigns as early as 1948 it was not until the 1960 elec-tion that a large majority of voters used the mediumas a voting tool The nation itself seemed on the brinkof a new age Having lived through a decade ofunprecedented prosperity and the onset of the ColdWar and the atomic age Americans looked to thefuture with excitement and anxiety

Both candidates shared the desire to lead thenation through the challenges of a new decade butthey differed in many ways Kennedy a Catholiccame from a wealthy and influential Massachusettsfamily Nixon a Quaker was a Californian from afinancially struggling family Kennedy seemed out-going and relaxed while Nixon struck many as for-mal and even stiff in manner

A New Kind of Campaign Compared to earlier cam-paigns the 1960 presidential race made new use of tel-evision with both major parties spending substantialamounts of money on television ads The Democratsspent over $6 million in television and radio spotswhile the Republicans spent more than $75 million

Not everyone was happy with this new emphasison image Television news commentator Eric Sevareidcomplained that the candidates had become ldquopack-aged productsrdquo and he stated that ldquothe ProcessedPolitician has finally arrivedrdquo

The Main Issues The campaign centered on theeconomy and the Cold War Although the candidatespresented different styles they differed little on thesetwo issues Both promised to boost the economy andboth portrayed themselves as ldquoCold Warriorsrdquo deter-mined to stop the forces of communism

Kennedy argued that the nation faced seriousthreats from the Soviets In Cuba Fidel Castro was allying himself with the Soviet Union At home manypeople lived in fear of a Soviet nuclear attack Kennedy voiced his concern about a suspectedldquomissile gaprdquo in which the United States laggedbehind the Soviets in weaponry (Decades laterAmericans learned that in fact the only area where theSoviet Union was briefly ahead was in rocketry) Thenation Kennedy argued had grown complacent andaimless ldquoIt is time to get this country moving againrdquo

Nixon countered that the United States was on theright track under the current administration ldquoIrsquomtired of hearing our opponents downgrade theUnited Statesrdquo the vice president said Nixon also

warned that the Democratsrsquo fiscal policies wouldboost inflation and that only he had the necessaryforeign policy experience to guide the nation

Kennedy came under scrutiny about his religionThe United States had never had a Catholic presidentand many Protestants had concerns about KennedyKennedy decided to confront this issue openly in aspeech ldquoI believe in an America where the separationof the church and state is absoluterdquo he said ldquowhereno Catholic prelate would tell the president shouldhe be a Catholic how to actrdquo

The four televised debates strongly influenced theoutcome of the election one of the closest inAmerican history Kennedy won the popular vote by119000 out of 68 million votes cast and the ElectoralCollege by 303 votes to 219 In several states only afew thousand votes could have swung the ElectoralCollege numbers the other way

Identifying What were two mainissues of the 1960 presidential election

The Kennedy MystiqueDespite his narrow victory John F Kennedy com-

monly referred to as JFK captured the imagination ofthe American public as few presidents before himhad During the campaign many had been takenwith Kennedyrsquos youth and optimism The new presi-dent strongly reinforced this impression when hegave his Inaugural Address

Inauguration Day January 20 1961 was crisp andcold in Washington DC At the site of the ceremonya crowd gathered wrapped in coats and blankets AsKennedy rose to take the oath of office he wore nei-ther a coat nor a hat During his speech the new pres-ident declared ldquoThe torch has been passed to a newgenerationrdquo and he called on his fellow citizens totake a more active role in making the United States abetter place ldquoMy fellow Americansrdquo he exclaimedldquoask not what your country can do for youmdashaskwhat you can do for your countryrdquo

Kennedy his wife Jacqueline their childrenCaroline and John and their large extended familyseemed to have been created for media coverageReporters followed the family everywhere

Reading Check

Kennedy tie clasp (left) and Nixon pendantfrom 1960 presidential campaign

AV-841

null

31442484

Kennedy himself was a master of the media particu-larly television He was the first to broadcast his pressconferences live on television

The Kennedy charisma inspired many of his staffmembers His press secretary Pierre Salinger put thisfeeling into words

ldquoNone of us will ever have a better job as long as

we live The big plusmdashthe fringe benefit that

made it all worthwhilemdashwas JFK himself Our

faith in him and in what he was trying to do was

absolute and he could impart to our work together a

sense of challenge and adventuremdasha feeling that he

was moving and the world with him toward a better

timerdquomdashquoted in With Kennedy

Summarizing In what ways didJohn F Kennedy inspire the nation

Success and Setback on theDomestic Front

Not everyone in the nation fell for the Kennedymystique His high culture elite Northeastupbringing and Catholicism irritated someAmericans Congress also was less than taken withthe new president Upon entering office PresidentKennedy set out to implement a legislative agendawhich became known as the New Frontier Hehoped to increase aid to education provide healthinsurance to the elderly create a Department ofUrban Affairs and help migrant workers He

would soon find that transforming lofty ideals intoreal legislation was no easy task on Capitol Hill

Kennedy Struggles With Congress Although theDemocratic Party enjoyed large majorities in bothhouses of Congress Kennedy was unable to pushthrough many of his domestic programs Kennedy hadtrailed Nixon in many Democratic districts and hadnot helped many Democrats get elected Those whodid win therefore did not feel they owed him any-thing As one Democrat in Congress told US News ampWorld Report ldquoA good many [congressional representa-tives] were elected in 1960 in spite of his presence onthe ticket rather than because his name was thererdquo Asa result legislators found it easy to follow their owninterests rather than those of the president

In addition Republicans as well as conservativeSouthern Democratsmdashwho were responsible for hold-ing the Democratic majority in Congressmdashviewed theNew Frontier as too big and too costly Senator EverettDirksen Republican minority leader from Illinoisclaimed that Kennedyrsquos efforts to increase the powerand reach of the federal government would push thenation down an ominous path

In the end Congress defeated a number of JFKrsquosproposals including health insurance for the elderlya Department of Urban Affairs and federal aid toeducation The president often resisted calls to pushharder for his agenda He decided not to fight everybattle on Capitol Hill and preferred to reserve hisbargaining power for issues that were both trulyimportant and winnable

ECONOMICS

Strengthening the Economy Kennedy did achievesome victories in Congress particularly in his effortsto improve the nationrsquos economy The Americaneconomy which had soared through much of the1950s had slowed by the end of the decade From1960 to 1961 the growth rate of the gross nationalproduct was only 2 percent while the unemploy-ment rate hovered near 7 percent of the workforcethe second-highest figure since World War II

In an effort to increase growth and create morejobs Kennedy advocated the New Deal strategy ofdeficit spending first implemented during FranklinRooseveltrsquos presidency The new president convincedCongress to invest more funds in defense and in spaceexploration Such spending did indeed create morejobs and stimulate economic growth Reluctant to relytoo heavily on deficit spending which tends to causeinflation Kennedy also sought to boost the economyby increasing business production and efficiency In

Reading Check

The Kennedy White House Jacqueline Kennedy (center right) broughtyouthful elegance and style to the White House Why do you think the media

scrutinized the First Family so much

History

842 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-842

null

25674084

addition his administration asked businesses to holddown prices and labor leaders to hold down payincreases

Prodded by Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberglabor unions in the steel industry agreed to reducetheir demands for higher wages In 1962 howeverseveral steel companies raised prices sharply

The president threatened to have the Departmentof Defense buy cheaper steel from foreign companiesand instructed the Justice Department to investigatewhether the steel industry was guilty of price-fixingIn response to Kennedyrsquos tactics the steel companiesbacked down and cut their prices To achieve this vic-tory however the president had strained his rela-tions with the nationrsquos business community

In an effort to get the economy moving Kennedyalso adopted supply-side ideas and pushed for a cut intax rates When opponents argued that a tax cut wouldonly help the wealthy Kennedy asserted that lowertaxes meant businesses would have more money toexpand which would create new jobs and benefiteverybody ldquoA rising tide lifts all boatsrdquo Kennedyexplained as a way to illustrate how tax cuts wouldstimulate the economy and help all Americans

Congress refused to pass the tax cut because manymembers feared it would cause inflation Howeverthey did support Kennedyrsquos request to raise the mini-mum wage and his proposal for an AreaRedevelopment Act and a Housing Act These two pro-grams provided funds to poor areas They helped toclear slums create jobs and build low-income housing

Womenrsquos Rights Kennedy also helped womenmake strides during the 1960s Although Kennedynever appointed a woman to his cabinet a number ofwomen worked in prominent positions in his admin-istration including Esther Peterson assistant secre-tary of labor and director of the Womenrsquos Bureau ofthe Department of Labor

Kennedy advanced womenrsquos rights in other ways aswell In 1961 he created the Presidential Commissionon the Status of Women The commission called forfederal action against gender discrimination andaffirmed the right of women to equally paid employ-ment Kennedy responded by issuing an executiveorder ending gender discrimination in the federal civilservice and in 1963 he signed the Equal Pay Act forwomen The commission also sparked the creation ofsimilar groups on the state level and inspired manywomen to work together to further their interests

Evaluating Why did Kennedy havedifficulty getting his New Frontier legislation passed

Warren Court ReformsDuring the Kennedy years the Supreme Court also

took an active role in social issues In 1953 PresidentEisenhower had nominated Earl Warren the popularRepublican governor of California to become ChiefJustice of the United States More so than previouscourts the Warren Court took an activist stance help-ing to shape national policy by taking a forceful standon a number of key issues of the day

GOVERNMENT

ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo One of the Warren Courtrsquosmore notable decisions had a powerful impact onwho would hold political power in the United StatesThis decision concerned reapportionment or the wayin which states draw up political districts based onchanges in population By 1960 many moreAmericans resided in cities and suburbs than in ruralareas Yet many states had failed to restructure theirelectoral districts to reflect that change

In Tennessee for example a rural county with only2340 voters had 1 representative in the state assem-bly while an urban county with 133 times more votershad only 7 The vote of a city dweller counted for lessthan the vote of a rural resident Some Tennessee vot-ers took the matter to court

The Baker v Carr case reached the Supreme Courtafter a federal court ruled that the issue should be

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 843

Camelot In December 1960 Camelot a musicalstarring Richard Burton and Julie Andrews openedon Broadway in New York City The Kennedysattended the show which told the legend of theheroism of King Arthur and the Knights of the RoundTable and so enjoyed it that they listened to themusic often The presidentrsquos favorite song includedthe lines ldquoDonrsquot let it be forgot that once there was aspot for one brief shining moment that was knownas Camelotrdquo

In later years the Kennedy presidency becameknown as ldquoCamelotrdquo largely because of MrsKennedy Shortly after the presidentrsquos death in 1963she told a journalist that all she could think aboutwas the presidentrsquos favorite line She went on to sayldquoTherersquoll be great presidents again but therersquollnever be another Camelot againrdquo JournalistTheodore H White later wrote that ldquoall she couldrepeat was lsquoTell people there will never be thatCamelot againrsquordquo

AV-843

null

25543462

solved by legislation The Fourteenth Amendmentspecifically gives Congress authority to enforce vot-ing rights In 1962 the Supreme Court ruled that thefederal courts did have jurisdiction and sent the mat-ter back to the lower courts (See page 1080 for moreinformation on Baker v Carr)

Two years later in June 1964 the Supreme Courtruled in Reynolds v Sims that the current apportion-ment system in most states was indeed unconstitu-tional In a decision that helped to promote theprinciple of ldquoone man one voterdquo the Warren Courtrequired state legislatures to reapportion electoral dis-tricts so that all citizensrsquo votes would have equalweight The Courtrsquos decision was a momentous onefor it shifted political power throughout the countryfrom rural and often conservative areas to urban areaswhere more liberal voters resided The Courtrsquos decisionalso boosted the political power of African Americansand Hispanics who typically lived in cities (See page1082 for more information on Reynolds v Sims)

Extending Due Process In a series of historic rul-ings in the 1960s the US Supreme Court began touse the Fourteenth Amendment to apply the Bill ofRights to the states Originally the Bill of Rights

applied only to the federal government Many stateshad their own bill of rights but some federal rightsdid not exist at the state level The FourteenthAmendment specifically stated that ldquono stateshall deprive any person of life liberty or prop-erty without due process of lawrdquo Due process meansthat the law may not treat individuals unfairly arbi-trarily or unreasonably and that courts must followproper procedures and rules when trying cases Dueprocess ensures that all people are treated the sameby the court system In the 1960s the Supreme Courtruled in several cases that upholding due processmeant applying the federal bill of rights to the states

In 1961 the Supreme Court ruled in Mapp v Ohiothat state courts could not consider evidenceobtained in violation of the federal Constitution InGideon v Wainwright (1963) the Court ruled that adefendant in a state court had the right to a lawyerregardless of his or her ability to pay The followingyear in Escobedo v Illinois the justices ruled that a

844 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Civil Rights

Due Process

Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech

Segregation in public schools unconstitutional

Established that federal courts can hear lawsuits seeking to force state authorities to redrawelectoral districts

State legislative districts should be equal in population

Desegregation of public accommodations established inthe Civil Rights Act of 1964 is legal

States may not ban interracial marriage

Unlawfully seized evidence is inadmissible at trial

Suspects are entitled to court-appointed attorneyif unable to afford one on their own

Accused has the right to an attorney during police questioning

Police must inform suspects of their rights during thearrest process

State-mandated prayer in school banned

State-mandated Bible readings in school banned

Celebrities may sue the media for libel only in certaincircumstances

Brown v Board of Education (1954)

Baker v Carr (1962)

Reynolds v Sims (1964)

Heart of Atlanta Motel v United States (1964)

Loving v Virginia (1967)

Mapp v Ohio (1961)

Gideon v Wainwright (1963)

Escobedo v Illinois (1964)

Miranda v Arizona (1966)

Engel v Vitale (1962)

Abington School District v Schempp (1963)

New York Times v Sullivan (1964)

Major Decisions of the Warren Court 1954mdash1967

1 Interpreting Charts Analyze the effects Brown vBoard of Education and Reynolds v Sims had on thenation

2 Summarizing What three major areas of policy didthe Warren Courtrsquos decisions affect

AV-844

null

16242961

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 845

Checking for Understanding1 Define missile gap reapportionment

due process2 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren3 Summarize the progress made for

womenrsquos rights during Kennedyrsquosadministration

Reviewing Themes4 Civic Rights and Responsibilities

Name three decisions of the WarrenCourt that protected civil rights

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting In what way was the 1960

presidential election a turning point incampaign history

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list theeconomic policies of the Kennedyadministration

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Charts Study the chart of

Warren Court decisions on page 844How did the Court expand the rights ofthe accused Were these sound deci-sions Why or why not

Economic

Policies

suspect must be allowed access to a lawyer and mustbe informed of his or her right to remain silent beforebeing questioned by the police Miranda v Arizona(1966) went even further requiring that authoritiesimmediately give suspects a fourfold warning Thewarning consisted of informing suspects that theyhave the right to remain silent that anything they saycan and will be used against them in court that theyhave a right to a lawyer while being questioned andthat if they cannot afford a lawyer the court willappoint one for them Today these warnings areknown as the Miranda rights (See pages 1081ndash1082for more information on Mapp v Ohio Gideon v Wainwright

Escobedo v Illinois and Miranda v Arizona)Many citizens and police departments and even

some of the Supreme Court justices accused theWarren Court of favoring criminals Others cheeredthe decisions seeing them as promoting the rightsof all citizens even the less privileged

Prayer and Privacy The Supreme Court alsohanded down decisions that reaffirmed the separa-tion of church and state The Court applied the FirstAmendment to the states in Engel v Vitale (1962) Inthis ruling the Court decided that states could notcompose official prayers and require those prayers tobe recited in state public schools The following yearin Abington School District v Schempp it ruled againststate-mandated Bible readings in public schoolsWeighing in on another controversial issue the Courtruled in Griswold v Connecticut (1965) that prohibit-ing the sale and use of birth control devices violatedcitizensrsquo constitutional right to privacy (See pages1080ndash1081 for more information on these Supreme Court cases)

As with most rulings of the Warren Court thesedecisions delighted some and deeply disturbed others What most people did agree upon howeverwas the Courtrsquos pivotal role in shaping nationalpolicy The Warren Court wrote New York Timescolumnist Anthony Lewis ldquohas brought aboutmore social change than most Congresses and mostPresidentsrdquo

From the political arena to the legal system to peoplersquos everyday lives the Warren Court indeed leftits imprint on the nation Meanwhile away from thedomestic arena President Kennedy worked to makehis mark on the countryrsquos foreign affairs during a timeof rising Cold War tensions

Examining What was the signifi-cance of the Warren Courtrsquos ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo ruling

Reading Check

Activist Court The Warren Court poses for its official portrait in 1962with Chief Justice Earl Warren front and center

8 Expository Writing In his InauguralAddress President Kennedy asked hisfellow Americans to ldquoAsk what you cando for your countryrdquo Respond to thisstatement in an essay

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-845

null

16206386

May 1961Kennedy informs Congress ofmoon expedition goal

846 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

1962 1964

Kennedy Confronts Global Challenges The Cuban missile crisis as the standoff came to be called may have been the most

dramatic foreign policy episode Kennedy faced It was not the only one however AsKennedy entered the White House the nationrsquos dangerous rivalry with the SovietUnion continued to intensify As a result the new president had to devote much of

Like millions of other Americans in late October 1962 Tami Gold was having trouble concentrating

on anything For several tension-filled days that fall the world seemed headed for nuclear destruc-

tion US officials had discovered that the Soviet Union had placed missiles in Cubamdasha mere 90 miles

(145 km) from the shores of the United States When the Soviets refused to remove the weapons a

bitter weeklong standoff ensued in which the two superpowers hurled threats and warnings at each

other and moved to the brink of nuclear war Gold then a seventh-grade student in Long Island New

York recalled the events of one particular day

ldquoI remember I was in the bathroom of the school when they had said over the loud speaker

that everyone had to return to their homerooms immediately and get instruction from their homeroom

teacher And it was probably one of the scariest moments of my life it was like the sensation that our

country could go to war and I didnrsquot understand at all what it was about but the fact that the country

could go to war at any moment was really really present It was chilling it was scary it was really

nauseating rdquomdashquoted in Collective Memories of the Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK and the Cold War

Main IdeaAs president John F Kennedy had toconfront the challenges and fears of theCold War

Key Terms and Namesflexible response Peace Corps spacerace Berlin Wall Warren Commission

Reading StrategySequencing As you read about the crisesof the Cold War complete a time linesimilar to the one below to record themajor events of the Cold War in the late1950s and early 1960s

Reading Objectives bull Describe Kennedyrsquos plan for the armed

forcesbull Explain how the Cold War influenced

foreign aid and the space program

Section ThemeScience and Technology During theCold War the nation devoted much of itsscientific and technological resources tocompeting with the Soviet Union espe-cially in getting to the moon

Jan1959

Aug1963

1961 1963

April 1961Bay of Pigs invasion

October 1962Cuban missile crisis

September 1963Senate ratifies LimitedTest Ban Treaty

November 22 1963Kennedy assassinated

AV-846

null

11859373

his energy in foreign policy matters to guiding thenation through the deepening Cold War

Kennedy appeared ready to stand up to theSoviets Upon taking the oath of office the new pres-ident devoted much of his Inaugural Address to therole of the United States in a divided world

ldquoLet the word go forth from this time and

place that the torch has been passed to a new

generation of Americansmdashborn in this century tem-

pered by war disciplined by a hard and bitter peace

proud of our ancient heritagemdashand unwilling to wit-

ness or permit the slow undoing of those human

rights to which this nation has always been commit-

ted Let every nation know whether it wishes us

well or ill that we shall pay any price bear any bur-

den meet any hardship support any friend oppose

any foe to assure the survival and the success of

libertyrdquomdashquoted in Let the Word Go Forth

Kennedy attempted to reduce the threat of nuclearwar and to stop the spread of communism with a rangeof programs These included a conventional weaponryprogram economic aid and the Peace Corps

A More Flexible Response Kennedy took office at atime of growing global instability Nationalism wasexploding throughout the developing world and theSoviet Union actively supported ldquowars of national lib-erationrdquo Newsweek magazine wrote that the ldquogreatestsingle problem that faces John Kennedy is how tomeet the aggressive power of the Communist blocrdquo

Kennedy felt that Eisenhower had relied too heav-ily on nuclear weapons which could only be used inextreme situations To allow for a ldquoflexible responserdquoif nations needed help against Communist move-ments the president pushed for a buildup of conven-tional troops and weapons Although costly a flexibleresponse plan would allow the United States to fight alimited style of warfare

In adopting this plan Kennedy supported theSpecial Forces a small army unit created in the 1950sto wage guerrilla warfare in limited conflictsKennedy expanded it and allowed the soldiers towear their distinctive ldquoGreen Beretrdquo headgear

Aid to Other Countries One area of the world whereKennedy wanted to renew diplomatic focus was LatinAmerica Conditions in much of Latin American soci-ety were not good Governments were often in thehands of the wealthy few and many of their citizens

lived in extreme poverty In some Latin Americancountries these conditions spurred the growth of left-wing movements aimed at overthrowing their govern-ments When the United States was involved in LatinAmerica it was usually to help existing governmentsstay in power in order to prevent Communist move-ments from flourishing Poor Latin Americans resentedthis intrusion just as they resented American corpora-tions that had business operations in their countries apresence that was seen as a kind of imperialism

To improve relations between the United Statesand Latin America President Kennedy proposed anAlliance for Progress a series of cooperative aidprojects with Latin American governments Thealliance was designed to create a ldquofree and prosper-ous Latin Americardquo that would be less likely to sup-port Communist-inspired revolutions

Over a 10-year period the United States pledged$20 billion to help Latin American countries establishbetter schools housing health care and fairer landdistribution The results were mixed In some coun-triesmdashnotably Chile Colombia Venezuela and theCentral American republicsmdashthe alliance did pro-mote real reform In others governing rulers used themoney to keep themselves in power

The Peace Corps Another program aimed at helpingless developed nations fight poverty was the PeaceCorps an organization that sent young Americans toperform humanitarian services in these countries

After rigorous training volunteers spent twoyears in countries that had requested assistanceThey laid out sewage systems in Bolivia and trainedmedical technicians in Chad Others taught English orhelped to build roads By late 1963 thousands of PeaceCorps volunteers were serving in over 30 countriesToday the Peace Corps is still active and remains oneof Kennedyrsquos most enduring legacies

TECHNOLOGY

The Cold War Moves IntoSpace President Kennedysought to increase the coun-tryrsquos presence not onlyaround the world but also inspace With Cold War ten-sions continuing to rise theUnited States and the SovietUnion engaged in a spaceracemdashvying for dominanceof the heavens to enhancetheir competitive positionson Earth

Student WebActivity Visit theAmerican Vision Website at tavglencoecomand click on StudentWeb ActivitiesmdashChapter 28 for anactivity on the NewFrontier

HISTORY

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 847

AV-847

null

30825934

848 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Space ProgramThe space program expanded significantly

when President Kennedy announced his deter-

mination to beat the Soviets to the moon By

the time Neil Armstrong and Edwin (ldquoBuzzrdquo)

Aldrin walked on the moon in 1969 the

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) had spent over

$33 billion Since that time NASA expendi-

tures have affected far more than space

missions NASA research findings have

advanced knowledge of the nature of the

universe and people have applied them

to many technical fields and manufac-

turing processes

Moon boot material developed for

the space program is used

in many running shoes It has

improved shock absorption and

provides superior stability and

motion control

Kennedy was determined that the first humans toreach the moon would be Americans not RussiansIn 1961 he recommended to Congress that ldquothisnation should commit itself to achieving the goalbefore this decade is out of landing a man on themoonrdquo Kennedyrsquos dream was realized in July 1969during Richard Nixonrsquos first administration whenastronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person toset foot on the moon

Examining What global challengesdid Kennedy face during his presidency

Crises of the Cold WarPresident Kennedyrsquos efforts to combat Communist

influence in other countries led to some of the mostintense crises of the Cold War At times these crisesleft Americans and people in many other nationswondering whether the world would survive

The Bay of Pigs The first crisis occurred in Cubaonly 90 miles (145 km) from American shoresThere Fidel Castro had overthrown the corruptCuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 Almost

immediately Castro established ties with the SovietUnion instituted drastic land reforms and seizedforeign-owned businesses many of them AmericanCubarsquos alliance with the Soviets worried manyAmericans The Communists were now too close forcomfort and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev wasalso expressing his intent to strengthen Cuba militarily

Fearing that the Soviets would use Cuba as abase from which to spread revolution throughoutthe Western Hemisphere President Eisenhowerhad authorized the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) to secretly train and arm Cuban exilesknown as La Brigada to invade the island Theinvasion was intended to touch off a popular upris-ing against Castro

When Kennedy became president his advisersapproved the plan In office fewer than threemonths and trusting his experts Kennedy agreedto the operation with some changes On April 171961 1400 armed Cuban exiles landed at the Bayof Pigs on the south coast of Cuba The invasionwas a disaster La Brigadarsquos boats ran aground oncoral reefs Kennedy cancelled their air support tokeep United States involvement a secret and the

Reading Check

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CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 849

A communications satellite now in develop-

ment will provide better telephone television and

data service between western Europe the Americas

and Africa Another communications satellite has improved

ship-to-shore communications which used to be interrupted

frequently by bad weather

Increased Safety Remote-controlled robots reduce human

injury levels because they can perform

hazardous tasks men and women used

to carry out Robots can also perform

operations no human being ever could

such as volcano research on the Puna

Ridge of Kilauea Hawaii

Assistance for People With DisabilitiesThe NASA tele-operator and robot technology was used to develop a voice-

controlled wheelchair and manipulator Using a minicomputer the wheel-

chair responds to 35 single-word voice commands helping physically

challenged people perform tasks like picking up packages opening

doors and turning on appliances

expected popular uprising never happened Withintwo days Castrorsquos forces killed or captured almostall the members of La Brigada

The Bay of Pigs was a dark moment for theKennedy administration The action exposed anAmerican plot to overthrow a neighborrsquos govern-ment and the outcome made the United States lookweak and disorganized

The Berlin Wall Goes Up Still reeling from the Bayof Pigs fiasco Kennedy faced another foreign policychallenge beginning in June 1961 when he met withKhrushchev in Vienna Austria The Soviet leaderwas determined to test the resolve of the young pres-ident Khrushchev also wanted to stop the flood ofGermans pouring out of Communist East Germanyinto West Berlin He demanded that the Westernpowers recognize East Germany and that the UnitedStates Great Britain and France withdraw fromBerlin a city lying completely within East GermanyKennedy refused and reaffirmed the Westrsquos commit-ment to West Berlin

Khrushchev retaliated by building a wall throughBerlin blocking movement between the Soviet sector

and the rest of the city Guards posted along the wallshot at many of those attempting to escape from theEast For nearly 30 years afterward the Berlin Wallstood as a visible symbol of the Cold War divisionbetween East and West

The Cuban Missile Crisis By far the most terrifyingcrisis of the Kennedy era occurred the next year Onceagain the crisis dealt with Cuba Over the summer of1962 American intelligence agencies learned thatSoviet technicians and equipment had arrived in Cubaand that military construction was in progress Thenon October 22 President Kennedy announced on tele-vision that American spy planes had taken aerial pho-tographs showing that the Soviet Union had placedlong-range missiles in Cuba Enemy missiles stationedso close to the United States posed a dangerous threat

Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop theSoviets from delivering more missiles demanded thatthey dismantle existing missile sites and warned thatif any weapons were launched against the UnitedStates he would respond fully against the SovietUnion Still work on the missile sites continuedNuclear holocaust seemed imminent

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15401736

Then after a flurry of secret negotiations theSoviet Union offered a deal It would remove the mis-siles if the United States promised not to invadeCuba and to remove its missiles from Turkey near theSoviet border As American officials considered theoffer letters and cables flew between the two leadersand their chief advisers

The reality was that neither Kennedy norKhrushchev wanted nuclear war ldquoOnly lunatics who themselves want to perish and before they diedestroy the world could do thisrdquo wrote the Sovietleader Still the dangerous standoff persisted OnOctober 28 the leaders reached an agreementKennedy publicly agreed not to invade Cuba and pri-vately agreed to remove the Turkish missiles theSoviets agreed to remove their missiles from CubaThe world could breathe again

The Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis TheCuban missile crisis brought the world closer tonuclear war than at any time since World War IIBoth the United States and the Soviet Union hadbeen forced to consider the consequences of such awar In the following months each country seemedready to work to lessen world tensions In August1963 the United States and the Soviet Union con-cluded years of negotiation by agreeing to a treatyto ban the testing of nuclear weapons in the

atmospheremdashthe first step toward mutual armsreduction since the beginning of the Cold War

In the long run however the missile crisis hadominous consequences The humiliating retreat theUnited States forced upon the Soviet leadershipundermined the position of Nikita Khrushchev andcontributed to his fall from power a year later Thenew leadership was less interested in reaching agree-ments with the West Perhaps more important thecrisis gave the Soviets evidence of their military infe-riority and helped produce a dramatic Soviet armsbuildup over the next two decades This buildup con-tributed to a comparable military increase in theUnited States in the early 1980s For a time the armsrace undermined American support for negotiatingwith the Soviets

Summarizing How was the Cubanmissile crisis resolved

The Death of a PresidentSoon after the Senate ratified the test ban treaty

John F Kennedyrsquos presidency came to a shocking andtragic end On November 22 1963 Kennedy and hiswife traveled to Texas with Vice President LyndonJohnson for a series of political appearances As thepresidential motorcade rode slowly through the

Reading Check

Cold War Peak Fears of communism peaked during theCuban missile crisis Routine reconnaissance flights over Cubarevealed the construction of missile sites fueling facilities andlaunch pads What steps did Kennedy take to deal with the

crisis

History

AV-850

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16906535

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

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12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

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1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

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1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

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11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

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2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

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24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

null

14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

null

13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 2: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

ldquoWhat we won when all of ourpeople united must not now

be lost in suspicion distrustselfishness and politics rdquo

mdashLyndon Johnson 1968

838

The New Frontierand the Great Society

1961ndash1968

April 1961bull Bay of Pigs invasion December 1961

bull Presidential Commissionon the Status of Womencreated

1959bull Cuban revolution

brings Castro topower

April 1961bull Eichmann goes on

trial for crimesagainst Jews

June 1963bull Kennedy visits

Berlin Wall

Why It MattersPresident John F Kennedy urged Americans to work for progress and to stand firm against the

Soviets Cold War tensions and the threat of nuclear war peaked during the Cuban missile crisisKennedyrsquos assassination changed the nationrsquos mood but President Lyndon Johnson embraced

ambitious goals including working toward the passage of major civil rights legislation anderadicating poverty

The Impact TodayInitiatives introduced in this era remain a part of American society

bull Medicaid and Medicare legislation provides major health benefits for elderly andlow-income people

bull The Head Start program provides early educational opportunities for disadvantaged children

The American Vision Video The Chapter 28 video ldquoA New Frontier The Space Racerdquo explores the dramatic historyof the American space program

October 1962bull Cuban missile crisis

November 1963bull Kennedy

assassinatedLyndon Johnsonbecomes president

August 1961bull Construction of

Berlin Wallbegins

1960 1962 1964

Kennedy1961ndash1963

L Johnson1963ndash1969

1964bull South Africarsquos

Nelson Mandelasentenced to life in prison

AV-838

null

55484413

839

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit the American VisionWeb site at tavglencoecom

and click on ChapterOverviewsmdashChapter 28 to

preview chapter information

President John F Kennedy at his inaugural ball in 1961

March 1968bull Lyndon Johnson

announces that he willnot run for re-electionJuly 1965

bull Congress establishesMedicare andMedicaid programs

1966bull Indira Gandhi becomes

prime minister of India

1968bull Student riots

paralyze France

1966 1968

October 1966bull Fair Packaging and

Labeling Act passed

1960John Kennedy defeats RichardNixon for the presidency

840 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Election of 1960The television debates of the 1960 presidential election had enormous impact

Following the first debate the media focused more strongly on the appearance of thecandidates Suddenly the whole country seemed to have become experts on makeup and

On September 26 1960 at 930 PM eastern standard time streets all across the United States

grew strangely still An estimated 75 million people sat indoors focused on their television sets

where they saw two men standing behind lecterns One was John F Kennedy and the other was

Richard M Nixon

For the first time thanks to the wonders of television two presidential candidates were coming

right into the nationrsquos living rooms to debate Americans were enthralled ldquoYou hear each man

directlyrdquo observed one ldquoTherersquos nothing between you and what he saysrdquo added another ldquoYou can

see which man gets rattled easilyrdquo

The man who seemed to get rattled easily was Nixon Kennedy the Democratic nominee looked

healthy strong and confident Nixon the Republicansrsquo choice came across as tired and frazzled ldquoHe

appeared illrdquo one viewer commented In fact Nixon had been ill recently Kennedy had a glowing tan

while Nixonrsquos face was pale and drawn shadowed by the stubble of a beard As one observer noted

ldquoNixonrsquos eyes darted around perspiration was clearly noticeable on his chin and with the tight

shots these things were more obviousrdquo

mdashadapted from The Great Debate

The New Frontier

Main IdeaJohn F Kennedy encountered bothsuccess and setbacks on the domesticfront

Key Terms and Namesmissile gap New Frontier Earl Warrenreapportionment due process

Reading StrategyCategorizing As you read about thepresidency of John F Kennedy completea graphic organizer similar to the onebelow by filling in the domesticsuccesses and setbacks of Kennedyrsquosadministration

Reading Objectives bull Summarize Kennedyrsquos economic

policiesbull Explain why Congress often did not

support Kennedyrsquos proposals

Section ThemeCivic Rights and Responsibilities TheSupreme Court made decisions that pro-tected individual rights including theldquoone man one voterdquo decision

1961Kennedy creates Presidential Commissionon the Status of Women

1962Supreme Court issuesBaker v Carr ruling

1963Kennedy signs EqualPay Act for women

Successes Setbacks

196219611960 1963

AV-840

null

10600336

television lighting One Republican leader even won-dered if the Democrats had supplied Nixonrsquos makeup

With that debate the era of television politics hadbegun Though television had been used in cam-paigns as early as 1948 it was not until the 1960 elec-tion that a large majority of voters used the mediumas a voting tool The nation itself seemed on the brinkof a new age Having lived through a decade ofunprecedented prosperity and the onset of the ColdWar and the atomic age Americans looked to thefuture with excitement and anxiety

Both candidates shared the desire to lead thenation through the challenges of a new decade butthey differed in many ways Kennedy a Catholiccame from a wealthy and influential Massachusettsfamily Nixon a Quaker was a Californian from afinancially struggling family Kennedy seemed out-going and relaxed while Nixon struck many as for-mal and even stiff in manner

A New Kind of Campaign Compared to earlier cam-paigns the 1960 presidential race made new use of tel-evision with both major parties spending substantialamounts of money on television ads The Democratsspent over $6 million in television and radio spotswhile the Republicans spent more than $75 million

Not everyone was happy with this new emphasison image Television news commentator Eric Sevareidcomplained that the candidates had become ldquopack-aged productsrdquo and he stated that ldquothe ProcessedPolitician has finally arrivedrdquo

The Main Issues The campaign centered on theeconomy and the Cold War Although the candidatespresented different styles they differed little on thesetwo issues Both promised to boost the economy andboth portrayed themselves as ldquoCold Warriorsrdquo deter-mined to stop the forces of communism

Kennedy argued that the nation faced seriousthreats from the Soviets In Cuba Fidel Castro was allying himself with the Soviet Union At home manypeople lived in fear of a Soviet nuclear attack Kennedy voiced his concern about a suspectedldquomissile gaprdquo in which the United States laggedbehind the Soviets in weaponry (Decades laterAmericans learned that in fact the only area where theSoviet Union was briefly ahead was in rocketry) Thenation Kennedy argued had grown complacent andaimless ldquoIt is time to get this country moving againrdquo

Nixon countered that the United States was on theright track under the current administration ldquoIrsquomtired of hearing our opponents downgrade theUnited Statesrdquo the vice president said Nixon also

warned that the Democratsrsquo fiscal policies wouldboost inflation and that only he had the necessaryforeign policy experience to guide the nation

Kennedy came under scrutiny about his religionThe United States had never had a Catholic presidentand many Protestants had concerns about KennedyKennedy decided to confront this issue openly in aspeech ldquoI believe in an America where the separationof the church and state is absoluterdquo he said ldquowhereno Catholic prelate would tell the president shouldhe be a Catholic how to actrdquo

The four televised debates strongly influenced theoutcome of the election one of the closest inAmerican history Kennedy won the popular vote by119000 out of 68 million votes cast and the ElectoralCollege by 303 votes to 219 In several states only afew thousand votes could have swung the ElectoralCollege numbers the other way

Identifying What were two mainissues of the 1960 presidential election

The Kennedy MystiqueDespite his narrow victory John F Kennedy com-

monly referred to as JFK captured the imagination ofthe American public as few presidents before himhad During the campaign many had been takenwith Kennedyrsquos youth and optimism The new presi-dent strongly reinforced this impression when hegave his Inaugural Address

Inauguration Day January 20 1961 was crisp andcold in Washington DC At the site of the ceremonya crowd gathered wrapped in coats and blankets AsKennedy rose to take the oath of office he wore nei-ther a coat nor a hat During his speech the new pres-ident declared ldquoThe torch has been passed to a newgenerationrdquo and he called on his fellow citizens totake a more active role in making the United States abetter place ldquoMy fellow Americansrdquo he exclaimedldquoask not what your country can do for youmdashaskwhat you can do for your countryrdquo

Kennedy his wife Jacqueline their childrenCaroline and John and their large extended familyseemed to have been created for media coverageReporters followed the family everywhere

Reading Check

Kennedy tie clasp (left) and Nixon pendantfrom 1960 presidential campaign

AV-841

null

31442484

Kennedy himself was a master of the media particu-larly television He was the first to broadcast his pressconferences live on television

The Kennedy charisma inspired many of his staffmembers His press secretary Pierre Salinger put thisfeeling into words

ldquoNone of us will ever have a better job as long as

we live The big plusmdashthe fringe benefit that

made it all worthwhilemdashwas JFK himself Our

faith in him and in what he was trying to do was

absolute and he could impart to our work together a

sense of challenge and adventuremdasha feeling that he

was moving and the world with him toward a better

timerdquomdashquoted in With Kennedy

Summarizing In what ways didJohn F Kennedy inspire the nation

Success and Setback on theDomestic Front

Not everyone in the nation fell for the Kennedymystique His high culture elite Northeastupbringing and Catholicism irritated someAmericans Congress also was less than taken withthe new president Upon entering office PresidentKennedy set out to implement a legislative agendawhich became known as the New Frontier Hehoped to increase aid to education provide healthinsurance to the elderly create a Department ofUrban Affairs and help migrant workers He

would soon find that transforming lofty ideals intoreal legislation was no easy task on Capitol Hill

Kennedy Struggles With Congress Although theDemocratic Party enjoyed large majorities in bothhouses of Congress Kennedy was unable to pushthrough many of his domestic programs Kennedy hadtrailed Nixon in many Democratic districts and hadnot helped many Democrats get elected Those whodid win therefore did not feel they owed him any-thing As one Democrat in Congress told US News ampWorld Report ldquoA good many [congressional representa-tives] were elected in 1960 in spite of his presence onthe ticket rather than because his name was thererdquo Asa result legislators found it easy to follow their owninterests rather than those of the president

In addition Republicans as well as conservativeSouthern Democratsmdashwho were responsible for hold-ing the Democratic majority in Congressmdashviewed theNew Frontier as too big and too costly Senator EverettDirksen Republican minority leader from Illinoisclaimed that Kennedyrsquos efforts to increase the powerand reach of the federal government would push thenation down an ominous path

In the end Congress defeated a number of JFKrsquosproposals including health insurance for the elderlya Department of Urban Affairs and federal aid toeducation The president often resisted calls to pushharder for his agenda He decided not to fight everybattle on Capitol Hill and preferred to reserve hisbargaining power for issues that were both trulyimportant and winnable

ECONOMICS

Strengthening the Economy Kennedy did achievesome victories in Congress particularly in his effortsto improve the nationrsquos economy The Americaneconomy which had soared through much of the1950s had slowed by the end of the decade From1960 to 1961 the growth rate of the gross nationalproduct was only 2 percent while the unemploy-ment rate hovered near 7 percent of the workforcethe second-highest figure since World War II

In an effort to increase growth and create morejobs Kennedy advocated the New Deal strategy ofdeficit spending first implemented during FranklinRooseveltrsquos presidency The new president convincedCongress to invest more funds in defense and in spaceexploration Such spending did indeed create morejobs and stimulate economic growth Reluctant to relytoo heavily on deficit spending which tends to causeinflation Kennedy also sought to boost the economyby increasing business production and efficiency In

Reading Check

The Kennedy White House Jacqueline Kennedy (center right) broughtyouthful elegance and style to the White House Why do you think the media

scrutinized the First Family so much

History

842 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-842

null

25674084

addition his administration asked businesses to holddown prices and labor leaders to hold down payincreases

Prodded by Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberglabor unions in the steel industry agreed to reducetheir demands for higher wages In 1962 howeverseveral steel companies raised prices sharply

The president threatened to have the Departmentof Defense buy cheaper steel from foreign companiesand instructed the Justice Department to investigatewhether the steel industry was guilty of price-fixingIn response to Kennedyrsquos tactics the steel companiesbacked down and cut their prices To achieve this vic-tory however the president had strained his rela-tions with the nationrsquos business community

In an effort to get the economy moving Kennedyalso adopted supply-side ideas and pushed for a cut intax rates When opponents argued that a tax cut wouldonly help the wealthy Kennedy asserted that lowertaxes meant businesses would have more money toexpand which would create new jobs and benefiteverybody ldquoA rising tide lifts all boatsrdquo Kennedyexplained as a way to illustrate how tax cuts wouldstimulate the economy and help all Americans

Congress refused to pass the tax cut because manymembers feared it would cause inflation Howeverthey did support Kennedyrsquos request to raise the mini-mum wage and his proposal for an AreaRedevelopment Act and a Housing Act These two pro-grams provided funds to poor areas They helped toclear slums create jobs and build low-income housing

Womenrsquos Rights Kennedy also helped womenmake strides during the 1960s Although Kennedynever appointed a woman to his cabinet a number ofwomen worked in prominent positions in his admin-istration including Esther Peterson assistant secre-tary of labor and director of the Womenrsquos Bureau ofthe Department of Labor

Kennedy advanced womenrsquos rights in other ways aswell In 1961 he created the Presidential Commissionon the Status of Women The commission called forfederal action against gender discrimination andaffirmed the right of women to equally paid employ-ment Kennedy responded by issuing an executiveorder ending gender discrimination in the federal civilservice and in 1963 he signed the Equal Pay Act forwomen The commission also sparked the creation ofsimilar groups on the state level and inspired manywomen to work together to further their interests

Evaluating Why did Kennedy havedifficulty getting his New Frontier legislation passed

Warren Court ReformsDuring the Kennedy years the Supreme Court also

took an active role in social issues In 1953 PresidentEisenhower had nominated Earl Warren the popularRepublican governor of California to become ChiefJustice of the United States More so than previouscourts the Warren Court took an activist stance help-ing to shape national policy by taking a forceful standon a number of key issues of the day

GOVERNMENT

ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo One of the Warren Courtrsquosmore notable decisions had a powerful impact onwho would hold political power in the United StatesThis decision concerned reapportionment or the wayin which states draw up political districts based onchanges in population By 1960 many moreAmericans resided in cities and suburbs than in ruralareas Yet many states had failed to restructure theirelectoral districts to reflect that change

In Tennessee for example a rural county with only2340 voters had 1 representative in the state assem-bly while an urban county with 133 times more votershad only 7 The vote of a city dweller counted for lessthan the vote of a rural resident Some Tennessee vot-ers took the matter to court

The Baker v Carr case reached the Supreme Courtafter a federal court ruled that the issue should be

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 843

Camelot In December 1960 Camelot a musicalstarring Richard Burton and Julie Andrews openedon Broadway in New York City The Kennedysattended the show which told the legend of theheroism of King Arthur and the Knights of the RoundTable and so enjoyed it that they listened to themusic often The presidentrsquos favorite song includedthe lines ldquoDonrsquot let it be forgot that once there was aspot for one brief shining moment that was knownas Camelotrdquo

In later years the Kennedy presidency becameknown as ldquoCamelotrdquo largely because of MrsKennedy Shortly after the presidentrsquos death in 1963she told a journalist that all she could think aboutwas the presidentrsquos favorite line She went on to sayldquoTherersquoll be great presidents again but therersquollnever be another Camelot againrdquo JournalistTheodore H White later wrote that ldquoall she couldrepeat was lsquoTell people there will never be thatCamelot againrsquordquo

AV-843

null

25543462

solved by legislation The Fourteenth Amendmentspecifically gives Congress authority to enforce vot-ing rights In 1962 the Supreme Court ruled that thefederal courts did have jurisdiction and sent the mat-ter back to the lower courts (See page 1080 for moreinformation on Baker v Carr)

Two years later in June 1964 the Supreme Courtruled in Reynolds v Sims that the current apportion-ment system in most states was indeed unconstitu-tional In a decision that helped to promote theprinciple of ldquoone man one voterdquo the Warren Courtrequired state legislatures to reapportion electoral dis-tricts so that all citizensrsquo votes would have equalweight The Courtrsquos decision was a momentous onefor it shifted political power throughout the countryfrom rural and often conservative areas to urban areaswhere more liberal voters resided The Courtrsquos decisionalso boosted the political power of African Americansand Hispanics who typically lived in cities (See page1082 for more information on Reynolds v Sims)

Extending Due Process In a series of historic rul-ings in the 1960s the US Supreme Court began touse the Fourteenth Amendment to apply the Bill ofRights to the states Originally the Bill of Rights

applied only to the federal government Many stateshad their own bill of rights but some federal rightsdid not exist at the state level The FourteenthAmendment specifically stated that ldquono stateshall deprive any person of life liberty or prop-erty without due process of lawrdquo Due process meansthat the law may not treat individuals unfairly arbi-trarily or unreasonably and that courts must followproper procedures and rules when trying cases Dueprocess ensures that all people are treated the sameby the court system In the 1960s the Supreme Courtruled in several cases that upholding due processmeant applying the federal bill of rights to the states

In 1961 the Supreme Court ruled in Mapp v Ohiothat state courts could not consider evidenceobtained in violation of the federal Constitution InGideon v Wainwright (1963) the Court ruled that adefendant in a state court had the right to a lawyerregardless of his or her ability to pay The followingyear in Escobedo v Illinois the justices ruled that a

844 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Civil Rights

Due Process

Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech

Segregation in public schools unconstitutional

Established that federal courts can hear lawsuits seeking to force state authorities to redrawelectoral districts

State legislative districts should be equal in population

Desegregation of public accommodations established inthe Civil Rights Act of 1964 is legal

States may not ban interracial marriage

Unlawfully seized evidence is inadmissible at trial

Suspects are entitled to court-appointed attorneyif unable to afford one on their own

Accused has the right to an attorney during police questioning

Police must inform suspects of their rights during thearrest process

State-mandated prayer in school banned

State-mandated Bible readings in school banned

Celebrities may sue the media for libel only in certaincircumstances

Brown v Board of Education (1954)

Baker v Carr (1962)

Reynolds v Sims (1964)

Heart of Atlanta Motel v United States (1964)

Loving v Virginia (1967)

Mapp v Ohio (1961)

Gideon v Wainwright (1963)

Escobedo v Illinois (1964)

Miranda v Arizona (1966)

Engel v Vitale (1962)

Abington School District v Schempp (1963)

New York Times v Sullivan (1964)

Major Decisions of the Warren Court 1954mdash1967

1 Interpreting Charts Analyze the effects Brown vBoard of Education and Reynolds v Sims had on thenation

2 Summarizing What three major areas of policy didthe Warren Courtrsquos decisions affect

AV-844

null

16242961

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 845

Checking for Understanding1 Define missile gap reapportionment

due process2 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren3 Summarize the progress made for

womenrsquos rights during Kennedyrsquosadministration

Reviewing Themes4 Civic Rights and Responsibilities

Name three decisions of the WarrenCourt that protected civil rights

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting In what way was the 1960

presidential election a turning point incampaign history

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list theeconomic policies of the Kennedyadministration

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Charts Study the chart of

Warren Court decisions on page 844How did the Court expand the rights ofthe accused Were these sound deci-sions Why or why not

Economic

Policies

suspect must be allowed access to a lawyer and mustbe informed of his or her right to remain silent beforebeing questioned by the police Miranda v Arizona(1966) went even further requiring that authoritiesimmediately give suspects a fourfold warning Thewarning consisted of informing suspects that theyhave the right to remain silent that anything they saycan and will be used against them in court that theyhave a right to a lawyer while being questioned andthat if they cannot afford a lawyer the court willappoint one for them Today these warnings areknown as the Miranda rights (See pages 1081ndash1082for more information on Mapp v Ohio Gideon v Wainwright

Escobedo v Illinois and Miranda v Arizona)Many citizens and police departments and even

some of the Supreme Court justices accused theWarren Court of favoring criminals Others cheeredthe decisions seeing them as promoting the rightsof all citizens even the less privileged

Prayer and Privacy The Supreme Court alsohanded down decisions that reaffirmed the separa-tion of church and state The Court applied the FirstAmendment to the states in Engel v Vitale (1962) Inthis ruling the Court decided that states could notcompose official prayers and require those prayers tobe recited in state public schools The following yearin Abington School District v Schempp it ruled againststate-mandated Bible readings in public schoolsWeighing in on another controversial issue the Courtruled in Griswold v Connecticut (1965) that prohibit-ing the sale and use of birth control devices violatedcitizensrsquo constitutional right to privacy (See pages1080ndash1081 for more information on these Supreme Court cases)

As with most rulings of the Warren Court thesedecisions delighted some and deeply disturbed others What most people did agree upon howeverwas the Courtrsquos pivotal role in shaping nationalpolicy The Warren Court wrote New York Timescolumnist Anthony Lewis ldquohas brought aboutmore social change than most Congresses and mostPresidentsrdquo

From the political arena to the legal system to peoplersquos everyday lives the Warren Court indeed leftits imprint on the nation Meanwhile away from thedomestic arena President Kennedy worked to makehis mark on the countryrsquos foreign affairs during a timeof rising Cold War tensions

Examining What was the signifi-cance of the Warren Courtrsquos ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo ruling

Reading Check

Activist Court The Warren Court poses for its official portrait in 1962with Chief Justice Earl Warren front and center

8 Expository Writing In his InauguralAddress President Kennedy asked hisfellow Americans to ldquoAsk what you cando for your countryrdquo Respond to thisstatement in an essay

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

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May 1961Kennedy informs Congress ofmoon expedition goal

846 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

1962 1964

Kennedy Confronts Global Challenges The Cuban missile crisis as the standoff came to be called may have been the most

dramatic foreign policy episode Kennedy faced It was not the only one however AsKennedy entered the White House the nationrsquos dangerous rivalry with the SovietUnion continued to intensify As a result the new president had to devote much of

Like millions of other Americans in late October 1962 Tami Gold was having trouble concentrating

on anything For several tension-filled days that fall the world seemed headed for nuclear destruc-

tion US officials had discovered that the Soviet Union had placed missiles in Cubamdasha mere 90 miles

(145 km) from the shores of the United States When the Soviets refused to remove the weapons a

bitter weeklong standoff ensued in which the two superpowers hurled threats and warnings at each

other and moved to the brink of nuclear war Gold then a seventh-grade student in Long Island New

York recalled the events of one particular day

ldquoI remember I was in the bathroom of the school when they had said over the loud speaker

that everyone had to return to their homerooms immediately and get instruction from their homeroom

teacher And it was probably one of the scariest moments of my life it was like the sensation that our

country could go to war and I didnrsquot understand at all what it was about but the fact that the country

could go to war at any moment was really really present It was chilling it was scary it was really

nauseating rdquomdashquoted in Collective Memories of the Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK and the Cold War

Main IdeaAs president John F Kennedy had toconfront the challenges and fears of theCold War

Key Terms and Namesflexible response Peace Corps spacerace Berlin Wall Warren Commission

Reading StrategySequencing As you read about the crisesof the Cold War complete a time linesimilar to the one below to record themajor events of the Cold War in the late1950s and early 1960s

Reading Objectives bull Describe Kennedyrsquos plan for the armed

forcesbull Explain how the Cold War influenced

foreign aid and the space program

Section ThemeScience and Technology During theCold War the nation devoted much of itsscientific and technological resources tocompeting with the Soviet Union espe-cially in getting to the moon

Jan1959

Aug1963

1961 1963

April 1961Bay of Pigs invasion

October 1962Cuban missile crisis

September 1963Senate ratifies LimitedTest Ban Treaty

November 22 1963Kennedy assassinated

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11859373

his energy in foreign policy matters to guiding thenation through the deepening Cold War

Kennedy appeared ready to stand up to theSoviets Upon taking the oath of office the new pres-ident devoted much of his Inaugural Address to therole of the United States in a divided world

ldquoLet the word go forth from this time and

place that the torch has been passed to a new

generation of Americansmdashborn in this century tem-

pered by war disciplined by a hard and bitter peace

proud of our ancient heritagemdashand unwilling to wit-

ness or permit the slow undoing of those human

rights to which this nation has always been commit-

ted Let every nation know whether it wishes us

well or ill that we shall pay any price bear any bur-

den meet any hardship support any friend oppose

any foe to assure the survival and the success of

libertyrdquomdashquoted in Let the Word Go Forth

Kennedy attempted to reduce the threat of nuclearwar and to stop the spread of communism with a rangeof programs These included a conventional weaponryprogram economic aid and the Peace Corps

A More Flexible Response Kennedy took office at atime of growing global instability Nationalism wasexploding throughout the developing world and theSoviet Union actively supported ldquowars of national lib-erationrdquo Newsweek magazine wrote that the ldquogreatestsingle problem that faces John Kennedy is how tomeet the aggressive power of the Communist blocrdquo

Kennedy felt that Eisenhower had relied too heav-ily on nuclear weapons which could only be used inextreme situations To allow for a ldquoflexible responserdquoif nations needed help against Communist move-ments the president pushed for a buildup of conven-tional troops and weapons Although costly a flexibleresponse plan would allow the United States to fight alimited style of warfare

In adopting this plan Kennedy supported theSpecial Forces a small army unit created in the 1950sto wage guerrilla warfare in limited conflictsKennedy expanded it and allowed the soldiers towear their distinctive ldquoGreen Beretrdquo headgear

Aid to Other Countries One area of the world whereKennedy wanted to renew diplomatic focus was LatinAmerica Conditions in much of Latin American soci-ety were not good Governments were often in thehands of the wealthy few and many of their citizens

lived in extreme poverty In some Latin Americancountries these conditions spurred the growth of left-wing movements aimed at overthrowing their govern-ments When the United States was involved in LatinAmerica it was usually to help existing governmentsstay in power in order to prevent Communist move-ments from flourishing Poor Latin Americans resentedthis intrusion just as they resented American corpora-tions that had business operations in their countries apresence that was seen as a kind of imperialism

To improve relations between the United Statesand Latin America President Kennedy proposed anAlliance for Progress a series of cooperative aidprojects with Latin American governments Thealliance was designed to create a ldquofree and prosper-ous Latin Americardquo that would be less likely to sup-port Communist-inspired revolutions

Over a 10-year period the United States pledged$20 billion to help Latin American countries establishbetter schools housing health care and fairer landdistribution The results were mixed In some coun-triesmdashnotably Chile Colombia Venezuela and theCentral American republicsmdashthe alliance did pro-mote real reform In others governing rulers used themoney to keep themselves in power

The Peace Corps Another program aimed at helpingless developed nations fight poverty was the PeaceCorps an organization that sent young Americans toperform humanitarian services in these countries

After rigorous training volunteers spent twoyears in countries that had requested assistanceThey laid out sewage systems in Bolivia and trainedmedical technicians in Chad Others taught English orhelped to build roads By late 1963 thousands of PeaceCorps volunteers were serving in over 30 countriesToday the Peace Corps is still active and remains oneof Kennedyrsquos most enduring legacies

TECHNOLOGY

The Cold War Moves IntoSpace President Kennedysought to increase the coun-tryrsquos presence not onlyaround the world but also inspace With Cold War ten-sions continuing to rise theUnited States and the SovietUnion engaged in a spaceracemdashvying for dominanceof the heavens to enhancetheir competitive positionson Earth

Student WebActivity Visit theAmerican Vision Website at tavglencoecomand click on StudentWeb ActivitiesmdashChapter 28 for anactivity on the NewFrontier

HISTORY

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 847

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848 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Space ProgramThe space program expanded significantly

when President Kennedy announced his deter-

mination to beat the Soviets to the moon By

the time Neil Armstrong and Edwin (ldquoBuzzrdquo)

Aldrin walked on the moon in 1969 the

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) had spent over

$33 billion Since that time NASA expendi-

tures have affected far more than space

missions NASA research findings have

advanced knowledge of the nature of the

universe and people have applied them

to many technical fields and manufac-

turing processes

Moon boot material developed for

the space program is used

in many running shoes It has

improved shock absorption and

provides superior stability and

motion control

Kennedy was determined that the first humans toreach the moon would be Americans not RussiansIn 1961 he recommended to Congress that ldquothisnation should commit itself to achieving the goalbefore this decade is out of landing a man on themoonrdquo Kennedyrsquos dream was realized in July 1969during Richard Nixonrsquos first administration whenastronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person toset foot on the moon

Examining What global challengesdid Kennedy face during his presidency

Crises of the Cold WarPresident Kennedyrsquos efforts to combat Communist

influence in other countries led to some of the mostintense crises of the Cold War At times these crisesleft Americans and people in many other nationswondering whether the world would survive

The Bay of Pigs The first crisis occurred in Cubaonly 90 miles (145 km) from American shoresThere Fidel Castro had overthrown the corruptCuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 Almost

immediately Castro established ties with the SovietUnion instituted drastic land reforms and seizedforeign-owned businesses many of them AmericanCubarsquos alliance with the Soviets worried manyAmericans The Communists were now too close forcomfort and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev wasalso expressing his intent to strengthen Cuba militarily

Fearing that the Soviets would use Cuba as abase from which to spread revolution throughoutthe Western Hemisphere President Eisenhowerhad authorized the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) to secretly train and arm Cuban exilesknown as La Brigada to invade the island Theinvasion was intended to touch off a popular upris-ing against Castro

When Kennedy became president his advisersapproved the plan In office fewer than threemonths and trusting his experts Kennedy agreedto the operation with some changes On April 171961 1400 armed Cuban exiles landed at the Bayof Pigs on the south coast of Cuba The invasionwas a disaster La Brigadarsquos boats ran aground oncoral reefs Kennedy cancelled their air support tokeep United States involvement a secret and the

Reading Check

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14403761

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 849

A communications satellite now in develop-

ment will provide better telephone television and

data service between western Europe the Americas

and Africa Another communications satellite has improved

ship-to-shore communications which used to be interrupted

frequently by bad weather

Increased Safety Remote-controlled robots reduce human

injury levels because they can perform

hazardous tasks men and women used

to carry out Robots can also perform

operations no human being ever could

such as volcano research on the Puna

Ridge of Kilauea Hawaii

Assistance for People With DisabilitiesThe NASA tele-operator and robot technology was used to develop a voice-

controlled wheelchair and manipulator Using a minicomputer the wheel-

chair responds to 35 single-word voice commands helping physically

challenged people perform tasks like picking up packages opening

doors and turning on appliances

expected popular uprising never happened Withintwo days Castrorsquos forces killed or captured almostall the members of La Brigada

The Bay of Pigs was a dark moment for theKennedy administration The action exposed anAmerican plot to overthrow a neighborrsquos govern-ment and the outcome made the United States lookweak and disorganized

The Berlin Wall Goes Up Still reeling from the Bayof Pigs fiasco Kennedy faced another foreign policychallenge beginning in June 1961 when he met withKhrushchev in Vienna Austria The Soviet leaderwas determined to test the resolve of the young pres-ident Khrushchev also wanted to stop the flood ofGermans pouring out of Communist East Germanyinto West Berlin He demanded that the Westernpowers recognize East Germany and that the UnitedStates Great Britain and France withdraw fromBerlin a city lying completely within East GermanyKennedy refused and reaffirmed the Westrsquos commit-ment to West Berlin

Khrushchev retaliated by building a wall throughBerlin blocking movement between the Soviet sector

and the rest of the city Guards posted along the wallshot at many of those attempting to escape from theEast For nearly 30 years afterward the Berlin Wallstood as a visible symbol of the Cold War divisionbetween East and West

The Cuban Missile Crisis By far the most terrifyingcrisis of the Kennedy era occurred the next year Onceagain the crisis dealt with Cuba Over the summer of1962 American intelligence agencies learned thatSoviet technicians and equipment had arrived in Cubaand that military construction was in progress Thenon October 22 President Kennedy announced on tele-vision that American spy planes had taken aerial pho-tographs showing that the Soviet Union had placedlong-range missiles in Cuba Enemy missiles stationedso close to the United States posed a dangerous threat

Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop theSoviets from delivering more missiles demanded thatthey dismantle existing missile sites and warned thatif any weapons were launched against the UnitedStates he would respond fully against the SovietUnion Still work on the missile sites continuedNuclear holocaust seemed imminent

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15401736

Then after a flurry of secret negotiations theSoviet Union offered a deal It would remove the mis-siles if the United States promised not to invadeCuba and to remove its missiles from Turkey near theSoviet border As American officials considered theoffer letters and cables flew between the two leadersand their chief advisers

The reality was that neither Kennedy norKhrushchev wanted nuclear war ldquoOnly lunatics who themselves want to perish and before they diedestroy the world could do thisrdquo wrote the Sovietleader Still the dangerous standoff persisted OnOctober 28 the leaders reached an agreementKennedy publicly agreed not to invade Cuba and pri-vately agreed to remove the Turkish missiles theSoviets agreed to remove their missiles from CubaThe world could breathe again

The Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis TheCuban missile crisis brought the world closer tonuclear war than at any time since World War IIBoth the United States and the Soviet Union hadbeen forced to consider the consequences of such awar In the following months each country seemedready to work to lessen world tensions In August1963 the United States and the Soviet Union con-cluded years of negotiation by agreeing to a treatyto ban the testing of nuclear weapons in the

atmospheremdashthe first step toward mutual armsreduction since the beginning of the Cold War

In the long run however the missile crisis hadominous consequences The humiliating retreat theUnited States forced upon the Soviet leadershipundermined the position of Nikita Khrushchev andcontributed to his fall from power a year later Thenew leadership was less interested in reaching agree-ments with the West Perhaps more important thecrisis gave the Soviets evidence of their military infe-riority and helped produce a dramatic Soviet armsbuildup over the next two decades This buildup con-tributed to a comparable military increase in theUnited States in the early 1980s For a time the armsrace undermined American support for negotiatingwith the Soviets

Summarizing How was the Cubanmissile crisis resolved

The Death of a PresidentSoon after the Senate ratified the test ban treaty

John F Kennedyrsquos presidency came to a shocking andtragic end On November 22 1963 Kennedy and hiswife traveled to Texas with Vice President LyndonJohnson for a series of political appearances As thepresidential motorcade rode slowly through the

Reading Check

Cold War Peak Fears of communism peaked during theCuban missile crisis Routine reconnaissance flights over Cubarevealed the construction of missile sites fueling facilities andlaunch pads What steps did Kennedy take to deal with the

crisis

History

AV-850

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16906535

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-851

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12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

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1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

AV-853

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1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

null

11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

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2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

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24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

null

14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

null

13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Help
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Page 3: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

838

The New Frontierand the Great Society

1961ndash1968

April 1961bull Bay of Pigs invasion December 1961

bull Presidential Commissionon the Status of Womencreated

1959bull Cuban revolution

brings Castro topower

April 1961bull Eichmann goes on

trial for crimesagainst Jews

June 1963bull Kennedy visits

Berlin Wall

Why It MattersPresident John F Kennedy urged Americans to work for progress and to stand firm against the

Soviets Cold War tensions and the threat of nuclear war peaked during the Cuban missile crisisKennedyrsquos assassination changed the nationrsquos mood but President Lyndon Johnson embraced

ambitious goals including working toward the passage of major civil rights legislation anderadicating poverty

The Impact TodayInitiatives introduced in this era remain a part of American society

bull Medicaid and Medicare legislation provides major health benefits for elderly andlow-income people

bull The Head Start program provides early educational opportunities for disadvantaged children

The American Vision Video The Chapter 28 video ldquoA New Frontier The Space Racerdquo explores the dramatic historyof the American space program

October 1962bull Cuban missile crisis

November 1963bull Kennedy

assassinatedLyndon Johnsonbecomes president

August 1961bull Construction of

Berlin Wallbegins

1960 1962 1964

Kennedy1961ndash1963

L Johnson1963ndash1969

1964bull South Africarsquos

Nelson Mandelasentenced to life in prison

AV-838

null

55484413

839

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit the American VisionWeb site at tavglencoecom

and click on ChapterOverviewsmdashChapter 28 to

preview chapter information

President John F Kennedy at his inaugural ball in 1961

March 1968bull Lyndon Johnson

announces that he willnot run for re-electionJuly 1965

bull Congress establishesMedicare andMedicaid programs

1966bull Indira Gandhi becomes

prime minister of India

1968bull Student riots

paralyze France

1966 1968

October 1966bull Fair Packaging and

Labeling Act passed

1960John Kennedy defeats RichardNixon for the presidency

840 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Election of 1960The television debates of the 1960 presidential election had enormous impact

Following the first debate the media focused more strongly on the appearance of thecandidates Suddenly the whole country seemed to have become experts on makeup and

On September 26 1960 at 930 PM eastern standard time streets all across the United States

grew strangely still An estimated 75 million people sat indoors focused on their television sets

where they saw two men standing behind lecterns One was John F Kennedy and the other was

Richard M Nixon

For the first time thanks to the wonders of television two presidential candidates were coming

right into the nationrsquos living rooms to debate Americans were enthralled ldquoYou hear each man

directlyrdquo observed one ldquoTherersquos nothing between you and what he saysrdquo added another ldquoYou can

see which man gets rattled easilyrdquo

The man who seemed to get rattled easily was Nixon Kennedy the Democratic nominee looked

healthy strong and confident Nixon the Republicansrsquo choice came across as tired and frazzled ldquoHe

appeared illrdquo one viewer commented In fact Nixon had been ill recently Kennedy had a glowing tan

while Nixonrsquos face was pale and drawn shadowed by the stubble of a beard As one observer noted

ldquoNixonrsquos eyes darted around perspiration was clearly noticeable on his chin and with the tight

shots these things were more obviousrdquo

mdashadapted from The Great Debate

The New Frontier

Main IdeaJohn F Kennedy encountered bothsuccess and setbacks on the domesticfront

Key Terms and Namesmissile gap New Frontier Earl Warrenreapportionment due process

Reading StrategyCategorizing As you read about thepresidency of John F Kennedy completea graphic organizer similar to the onebelow by filling in the domesticsuccesses and setbacks of Kennedyrsquosadministration

Reading Objectives bull Summarize Kennedyrsquos economic

policiesbull Explain why Congress often did not

support Kennedyrsquos proposals

Section ThemeCivic Rights and Responsibilities TheSupreme Court made decisions that pro-tected individual rights including theldquoone man one voterdquo decision

1961Kennedy creates Presidential Commissionon the Status of Women

1962Supreme Court issuesBaker v Carr ruling

1963Kennedy signs EqualPay Act for women

Successes Setbacks

196219611960 1963

AV-840

null

10600336

television lighting One Republican leader even won-dered if the Democrats had supplied Nixonrsquos makeup

With that debate the era of television politics hadbegun Though television had been used in cam-paigns as early as 1948 it was not until the 1960 elec-tion that a large majority of voters used the mediumas a voting tool The nation itself seemed on the brinkof a new age Having lived through a decade ofunprecedented prosperity and the onset of the ColdWar and the atomic age Americans looked to thefuture with excitement and anxiety

Both candidates shared the desire to lead thenation through the challenges of a new decade butthey differed in many ways Kennedy a Catholiccame from a wealthy and influential Massachusettsfamily Nixon a Quaker was a Californian from afinancially struggling family Kennedy seemed out-going and relaxed while Nixon struck many as for-mal and even stiff in manner

A New Kind of Campaign Compared to earlier cam-paigns the 1960 presidential race made new use of tel-evision with both major parties spending substantialamounts of money on television ads The Democratsspent over $6 million in television and radio spotswhile the Republicans spent more than $75 million

Not everyone was happy with this new emphasison image Television news commentator Eric Sevareidcomplained that the candidates had become ldquopack-aged productsrdquo and he stated that ldquothe ProcessedPolitician has finally arrivedrdquo

The Main Issues The campaign centered on theeconomy and the Cold War Although the candidatespresented different styles they differed little on thesetwo issues Both promised to boost the economy andboth portrayed themselves as ldquoCold Warriorsrdquo deter-mined to stop the forces of communism

Kennedy argued that the nation faced seriousthreats from the Soviets In Cuba Fidel Castro was allying himself with the Soviet Union At home manypeople lived in fear of a Soviet nuclear attack Kennedy voiced his concern about a suspectedldquomissile gaprdquo in which the United States laggedbehind the Soviets in weaponry (Decades laterAmericans learned that in fact the only area where theSoviet Union was briefly ahead was in rocketry) Thenation Kennedy argued had grown complacent andaimless ldquoIt is time to get this country moving againrdquo

Nixon countered that the United States was on theright track under the current administration ldquoIrsquomtired of hearing our opponents downgrade theUnited Statesrdquo the vice president said Nixon also

warned that the Democratsrsquo fiscal policies wouldboost inflation and that only he had the necessaryforeign policy experience to guide the nation

Kennedy came under scrutiny about his religionThe United States had never had a Catholic presidentand many Protestants had concerns about KennedyKennedy decided to confront this issue openly in aspeech ldquoI believe in an America where the separationof the church and state is absoluterdquo he said ldquowhereno Catholic prelate would tell the president shouldhe be a Catholic how to actrdquo

The four televised debates strongly influenced theoutcome of the election one of the closest inAmerican history Kennedy won the popular vote by119000 out of 68 million votes cast and the ElectoralCollege by 303 votes to 219 In several states only afew thousand votes could have swung the ElectoralCollege numbers the other way

Identifying What were two mainissues of the 1960 presidential election

The Kennedy MystiqueDespite his narrow victory John F Kennedy com-

monly referred to as JFK captured the imagination ofthe American public as few presidents before himhad During the campaign many had been takenwith Kennedyrsquos youth and optimism The new presi-dent strongly reinforced this impression when hegave his Inaugural Address

Inauguration Day January 20 1961 was crisp andcold in Washington DC At the site of the ceremonya crowd gathered wrapped in coats and blankets AsKennedy rose to take the oath of office he wore nei-ther a coat nor a hat During his speech the new pres-ident declared ldquoThe torch has been passed to a newgenerationrdquo and he called on his fellow citizens totake a more active role in making the United States abetter place ldquoMy fellow Americansrdquo he exclaimedldquoask not what your country can do for youmdashaskwhat you can do for your countryrdquo

Kennedy his wife Jacqueline their childrenCaroline and John and their large extended familyseemed to have been created for media coverageReporters followed the family everywhere

Reading Check

Kennedy tie clasp (left) and Nixon pendantfrom 1960 presidential campaign

AV-841

null

31442484

Kennedy himself was a master of the media particu-larly television He was the first to broadcast his pressconferences live on television

The Kennedy charisma inspired many of his staffmembers His press secretary Pierre Salinger put thisfeeling into words

ldquoNone of us will ever have a better job as long as

we live The big plusmdashthe fringe benefit that

made it all worthwhilemdashwas JFK himself Our

faith in him and in what he was trying to do was

absolute and he could impart to our work together a

sense of challenge and adventuremdasha feeling that he

was moving and the world with him toward a better

timerdquomdashquoted in With Kennedy

Summarizing In what ways didJohn F Kennedy inspire the nation

Success and Setback on theDomestic Front

Not everyone in the nation fell for the Kennedymystique His high culture elite Northeastupbringing and Catholicism irritated someAmericans Congress also was less than taken withthe new president Upon entering office PresidentKennedy set out to implement a legislative agendawhich became known as the New Frontier Hehoped to increase aid to education provide healthinsurance to the elderly create a Department ofUrban Affairs and help migrant workers He

would soon find that transforming lofty ideals intoreal legislation was no easy task on Capitol Hill

Kennedy Struggles With Congress Although theDemocratic Party enjoyed large majorities in bothhouses of Congress Kennedy was unable to pushthrough many of his domestic programs Kennedy hadtrailed Nixon in many Democratic districts and hadnot helped many Democrats get elected Those whodid win therefore did not feel they owed him any-thing As one Democrat in Congress told US News ampWorld Report ldquoA good many [congressional representa-tives] were elected in 1960 in spite of his presence onthe ticket rather than because his name was thererdquo Asa result legislators found it easy to follow their owninterests rather than those of the president

In addition Republicans as well as conservativeSouthern Democratsmdashwho were responsible for hold-ing the Democratic majority in Congressmdashviewed theNew Frontier as too big and too costly Senator EverettDirksen Republican minority leader from Illinoisclaimed that Kennedyrsquos efforts to increase the powerand reach of the federal government would push thenation down an ominous path

In the end Congress defeated a number of JFKrsquosproposals including health insurance for the elderlya Department of Urban Affairs and federal aid toeducation The president often resisted calls to pushharder for his agenda He decided not to fight everybattle on Capitol Hill and preferred to reserve hisbargaining power for issues that were both trulyimportant and winnable

ECONOMICS

Strengthening the Economy Kennedy did achievesome victories in Congress particularly in his effortsto improve the nationrsquos economy The Americaneconomy which had soared through much of the1950s had slowed by the end of the decade From1960 to 1961 the growth rate of the gross nationalproduct was only 2 percent while the unemploy-ment rate hovered near 7 percent of the workforcethe second-highest figure since World War II

In an effort to increase growth and create morejobs Kennedy advocated the New Deal strategy ofdeficit spending first implemented during FranklinRooseveltrsquos presidency The new president convincedCongress to invest more funds in defense and in spaceexploration Such spending did indeed create morejobs and stimulate economic growth Reluctant to relytoo heavily on deficit spending which tends to causeinflation Kennedy also sought to boost the economyby increasing business production and efficiency In

Reading Check

The Kennedy White House Jacqueline Kennedy (center right) broughtyouthful elegance and style to the White House Why do you think the media

scrutinized the First Family so much

History

842 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-842

null

25674084

addition his administration asked businesses to holddown prices and labor leaders to hold down payincreases

Prodded by Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberglabor unions in the steel industry agreed to reducetheir demands for higher wages In 1962 howeverseveral steel companies raised prices sharply

The president threatened to have the Departmentof Defense buy cheaper steel from foreign companiesand instructed the Justice Department to investigatewhether the steel industry was guilty of price-fixingIn response to Kennedyrsquos tactics the steel companiesbacked down and cut their prices To achieve this vic-tory however the president had strained his rela-tions with the nationrsquos business community

In an effort to get the economy moving Kennedyalso adopted supply-side ideas and pushed for a cut intax rates When opponents argued that a tax cut wouldonly help the wealthy Kennedy asserted that lowertaxes meant businesses would have more money toexpand which would create new jobs and benefiteverybody ldquoA rising tide lifts all boatsrdquo Kennedyexplained as a way to illustrate how tax cuts wouldstimulate the economy and help all Americans

Congress refused to pass the tax cut because manymembers feared it would cause inflation Howeverthey did support Kennedyrsquos request to raise the mini-mum wage and his proposal for an AreaRedevelopment Act and a Housing Act These two pro-grams provided funds to poor areas They helped toclear slums create jobs and build low-income housing

Womenrsquos Rights Kennedy also helped womenmake strides during the 1960s Although Kennedynever appointed a woman to his cabinet a number ofwomen worked in prominent positions in his admin-istration including Esther Peterson assistant secre-tary of labor and director of the Womenrsquos Bureau ofthe Department of Labor

Kennedy advanced womenrsquos rights in other ways aswell In 1961 he created the Presidential Commissionon the Status of Women The commission called forfederal action against gender discrimination andaffirmed the right of women to equally paid employ-ment Kennedy responded by issuing an executiveorder ending gender discrimination in the federal civilservice and in 1963 he signed the Equal Pay Act forwomen The commission also sparked the creation ofsimilar groups on the state level and inspired manywomen to work together to further their interests

Evaluating Why did Kennedy havedifficulty getting his New Frontier legislation passed

Warren Court ReformsDuring the Kennedy years the Supreme Court also

took an active role in social issues In 1953 PresidentEisenhower had nominated Earl Warren the popularRepublican governor of California to become ChiefJustice of the United States More so than previouscourts the Warren Court took an activist stance help-ing to shape national policy by taking a forceful standon a number of key issues of the day

GOVERNMENT

ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo One of the Warren Courtrsquosmore notable decisions had a powerful impact onwho would hold political power in the United StatesThis decision concerned reapportionment or the wayin which states draw up political districts based onchanges in population By 1960 many moreAmericans resided in cities and suburbs than in ruralareas Yet many states had failed to restructure theirelectoral districts to reflect that change

In Tennessee for example a rural county with only2340 voters had 1 representative in the state assem-bly while an urban county with 133 times more votershad only 7 The vote of a city dweller counted for lessthan the vote of a rural resident Some Tennessee vot-ers took the matter to court

The Baker v Carr case reached the Supreme Courtafter a federal court ruled that the issue should be

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 843

Camelot In December 1960 Camelot a musicalstarring Richard Burton and Julie Andrews openedon Broadway in New York City The Kennedysattended the show which told the legend of theheroism of King Arthur and the Knights of the RoundTable and so enjoyed it that they listened to themusic often The presidentrsquos favorite song includedthe lines ldquoDonrsquot let it be forgot that once there was aspot for one brief shining moment that was knownas Camelotrdquo

In later years the Kennedy presidency becameknown as ldquoCamelotrdquo largely because of MrsKennedy Shortly after the presidentrsquos death in 1963she told a journalist that all she could think aboutwas the presidentrsquos favorite line She went on to sayldquoTherersquoll be great presidents again but therersquollnever be another Camelot againrdquo JournalistTheodore H White later wrote that ldquoall she couldrepeat was lsquoTell people there will never be thatCamelot againrsquordquo

AV-843

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25543462

solved by legislation The Fourteenth Amendmentspecifically gives Congress authority to enforce vot-ing rights In 1962 the Supreme Court ruled that thefederal courts did have jurisdiction and sent the mat-ter back to the lower courts (See page 1080 for moreinformation on Baker v Carr)

Two years later in June 1964 the Supreme Courtruled in Reynolds v Sims that the current apportion-ment system in most states was indeed unconstitu-tional In a decision that helped to promote theprinciple of ldquoone man one voterdquo the Warren Courtrequired state legislatures to reapportion electoral dis-tricts so that all citizensrsquo votes would have equalweight The Courtrsquos decision was a momentous onefor it shifted political power throughout the countryfrom rural and often conservative areas to urban areaswhere more liberal voters resided The Courtrsquos decisionalso boosted the political power of African Americansand Hispanics who typically lived in cities (See page1082 for more information on Reynolds v Sims)

Extending Due Process In a series of historic rul-ings in the 1960s the US Supreme Court began touse the Fourteenth Amendment to apply the Bill ofRights to the states Originally the Bill of Rights

applied only to the federal government Many stateshad their own bill of rights but some federal rightsdid not exist at the state level The FourteenthAmendment specifically stated that ldquono stateshall deprive any person of life liberty or prop-erty without due process of lawrdquo Due process meansthat the law may not treat individuals unfairly arbi-trarily or unreasonably and that courts must followproper procedures and rules when trying cases Dueprocess ensures that all people are treated the sameby the court system In the 1960s the Supreme Courtruled in several cases that upholding due processmeant applying the federal bill of rights to the states

In 1961 the Supreme Court ruled in Mapp v Ohiothat state courts could not consider evidenceobtained in violation of the federal Constitution InGideon v Wainwright (1963) the Court ruled that adefendant in a state court had the right to a lawyerregardless of his or her ability to pay The followingyear in Escobedo v Illinois the justices ruled that a

844 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Civil Rights

Due Process

Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech

Segregation in public schools unconstitutional

Established that federal courts can hear lawsuits seeking to force state authorities to redrawelectoral districts

State legislative districts should be equal in population

Desegregation of public accommodations established inthe Civil Rights Act of 1964 is legal

States may not ban interracial marriage

Unlawfully seized evidence is inadmissible at trial

Suspects are entitled to court-appointed attorneyif unable to afford one on their own

Accused has the right to an attorney during police questioning

Police must inform suspects of their rights during thearrest process

State-mandated prayer in school banned

State-mandated Bible readings in school banned

Celebrities may sue the media for libel only in certaincircumstances

Brown v Board of Education (1954)

Baker v Carr (1962)

Reynolds v Sims (1964)

Heart of Atlanta Motel v United States (1964)

Loving v Virginia (1967)

Mapp v Ohio (1961)

Gideon v Wainwright (1963)

Escobedo v Illinois (1964)

Miranda v Arizona (1966)

Engel v Vitale (1962)

Abington School District v Schempp (1963)

New York Times v Sullivan (1964)

Major Decisions of the Warren Court 1954mdash1967

1 Interpreting Charts Analyze the effects Brown vBoard of Education and Reynolds v Sims had on thenation

2 Summarizing What three major areas of policy didthe Warren Courtrsquos decisions affect

AV-844

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16242961

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 845

Checking for Understanding1 Define missile gap reapportionment

due process2 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren3 Summarize the progress made for

womenrsquos rights during Kennedyrsquosadministration

Reviewing Themes4 Civic Rights and Responsibilities

Name three decisions of the WarrenCourt that protected civil rights

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting In what way was the 1960

presidential election a turning point incampaign history

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list theeconomic policies of the Kennedyadministration

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Charts Study the chart of

Warren Court decisions on page 844How did the Court expand the rights ofthe accused Were these sound deci-sions Why or why not

Economic

Policies

suspect must be allowed access to a lawyer and mustbe informed of his or her right to remain silent beforebeing questioned by the police Miranda v Arizona(1966) went even further requiring that authoritiesimmediately give suspects a fourfold warning Thewarning consisted of informing suspects that theyhave the right to remain silent that anything they saycan and will be used against them in court that theyhave a right to a lawyer while being questioned andthat if they cannot afford a lawyer the court willappoint one for them Today these warnings areknown as the Miranda rights (See pages 1081ndash1082for more information on Mapp v Ohio Gideon v Wainwright

Escobedo v Illinois and Miranda v Arizona)Many citizens and police departments and even

some of the Supreme Court justices accused theWarren Court of favoring criminals Others cheeredthe decisions seeing them as promoting the rightsof all citizens even the less privileged

Prayer and Privacy The Supreme Court alsohanded down decisions that reaffirmed the separa-tion of church and state The Court applied the FirstAmendment to the states in Engel v Vitale (1962) Inthis ruling the Court decided that states could notcompose official prayers and require those prayers tobe recited in state public schools The following yearin Abington School District v Schempp it ruled againststate-mandated Bible readings in public schoolsWeighing in on another controversial issue the Courtruled in Griswold v Connecticut (1965) that prohibit-ing the sale and use of birth control devices violatedcitizensrsquo constitutional right to privacy (See pages1080ndash1081 for more information on these Supreme Court cases)

As with most rulings of the Warren Court thesedecisions delighted some and deeply disturbed others What most people did agree upon howeverwas the Courtrsquos pivotal role in shaping nationalpolicy The Warren Court wrote New York Timescolumnist Anthony Lewis ldquohas brought aboutmore social change than most Congresses and mostPresidentsrdquo

From the political arena to the legal system to peoplersquos everyday lives the Warren Court indeed leftits imprint on the nation Meanwhile away from thedomestic arena President Kennedy worked to makehis mark on the countryrsquos foreign affairs during a timeof rising Cold War tensions

Examining What was the signifi-cance of the Warren Courtrsquos ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo ruling

Reading Check

Activist Court The Warren Court poses for its official portrait in 1962with Chief Justice Earl Warren front and center

8 Expository Writing In his InauguralAddress President Kennedy asked hisfellow Americans to ldquoAsk what you cando for your countryrdquo Respond to thisstatement in an essay

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-845

null

16206386

May 1961Kennedy informs Congress ofmoon expedition goal

846 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

1962 1964

Kennedy Confronts Global Challenges The Cuban missile crisis as the standoff came to be called may have been the most

dramatic foreign policy episode Kennedy faced It was not the only one however AsKennedy entered the White House the nationrsquos dangerous rivalry with the SovietUnion continued to intensify As a result the new president had to devote much of

Like millions of other Americans in late October 1962 Tami Gold was having trouble concentrating

on anything For several tension-filled days that fall the world seemed headed for nuclear destruc-

tion US officials had discovered that the Soviet Union had placed missiles in Cubamdasha mere 90 miles

(145 km) from the shores of the United States When the Soviets refused to remove the weapons a

bitter weeklong standoff ensued in which the two superpowers hurled threats and warnings at each

other and moved to the brink of nuclear war Gold then a seventh-grade student in Long Island New

York recalled the events of one particular day

ldquoI remember I was in the bathroom of the school when they had said over the loud speaker

that everyone had to return to their homerooms immediately and get instruction from their homeroom

teacher And it was probably one of the scariest moments of my life it was like the sensation that our

country could go to war and I didnrsquot understand at all what it was about but the fact that the country

could go to war at any moment was really really present It was chilling it was scary it was really

nauseating rdquomdashquoted in Collective Memories of the Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK and the Cold War

Main IdeaAs president John F Kennedy had toconfront the challenges and fears of theCold War

Key Terms and Namesflexible response Peace Corps spacerace Berlin Wall Warren Commission

Reading StrategySequencing As you read about the crisesof the Cold War complete a time linesimilar to the one below to record themajor events of the Cold War in the late1950s and early 1960s

Reading Objectives bull Describe Kennedyrsquos plan for the armed

forcesbull Explain how the Cold War influenced

foreign aid and the space program

Section ThemeScience and Technology During theCold War the nation devoted much of itsscientific and technological resources tocompeting with the Soviet Union espe-cially in getting to the moon

Jan1959

Aug1963

1961 1963

April 1961Bay of Pigs invasion

October 1962Cuban missile crisis

September 1963Senate ratifies LimitedTest Ban Treaty

November 22 1963Kennedy assassinated

AV-846

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11859373

his energy in foreign policy matters to guiding thenation through the deepening Cold War

Kennedy appeared ready to stand up to theSoviets Upon taking the oath of office the new pres-ident devoted much of his Inaugural Address to therole of the United States in a divided world

ldquoLet the word go forth from this time and

place that the torch has been passed to a new

generation of Americansmdashborn in this century tem-

pered by war disciplined by a hard and bitter peace

proud of our ancient heritagemdashand unwilling to wit-

ness or permit the slow undoing of those human

rights to which this nation has always been commit-

ted Let every nation know whether it wishes us

well or ill that we shall pay any price bear any bur-

den meet any hardship support any friend oppose

any foe to assure the survival and the success of

libertyrdquomdashquoted in Let the Word Go Forth

Kennedy attempted to reduce the threat of nuclearwar and to stop the spread of communism with a rangeof programs These included a conventional weaponryprogram economic aid and the Peace Corps

A More Flexible Response Kennedy took office at atime of growing global instability Nationalism wasexploding throughout the developing world and theSoviet Union actively supported ldquowars of national lib-erationrdquo Newsweek magazine wrote that the ldquogreatestsingle problem that faces John Kennedy is how tomeet the aggressive power of the Communist blocrdquo

Kennedy felt that Eisenhower had relied too heav-ily on nuclear weapons which could only be used inextreme situations To allow for a ldquoflexible responserdquoif nations needed help against Communist move-ments the president pushed for a buildup of conven-tional troops and weapons Although costly a flexibleresponse plan would allow the United States to fight alimited style of warfare

In adopting this plan Kennedy supported theSpecial Forces a small army unit created in the 1950sto wage guerrilla warfare in limited conflictsKennedy expanded it and allowed the soldiers towear their distinctive ldquoGreen Beretrdquo headgear

Aid to Other Countries One area of the world whereKennedy wanted to renew diplomatic focus was LatinAmerica Conditions in much of Latin American soci-ety were not good Governments were often in thehands of the wealthy few and many of their citizens

lived in extreme poverty In some Latin Americancountries these conditions spurred the growth of left-wing movements aimed at overthrowing their govern-ments When the United States was involved in LatinAmerica it was usually to help existing governmentsstay in power in order to prevent Communist move-ments from flourishing Poor Latin Americans resentedthis intrusion just as they resented American corpora-tions that had business operations in their countries apresence that was seen as a kind of imperialism

To improve relations between the United Statesand Latin America President Kennedy proposed anAlliance for Progress a series of cooperative aidprojects with Latin American governments Thealliance was designed to create a ldquofree and prosper-ous Latin Americardquo that would be less likely to sup-port Communist-inspired revolutions

Over a 10-year period the United States pledged$20 billion to help Latin American countries establishbetter schools housing health care and fairer landdistribution The results were mixed In some coun-triesmdashnotably Chile Colombia Venezuela and theCentral American republicsmdashthe alliance did pro-mote real reform In others governing rulers used themoney to keep themselves in power

The Peace Corps Another program aimed at helpingless developed nations fight poverty was the PeaceCorps an organization that sent young Americans toperform humanitarian services in these countries

After rigorous training volunteers spent twoyears in countries that had requested assistanceThey laid out sewage systems in Bolivia and trainedmedical technicians in Chad Others taught English orhelped to build roads By late 1963 thousands of PeaceCorps volunteers were serving in over 30 countriesToday the Peace Corps is still active and remains oneof Kennedyrsquos most enduring legacies

TECHNOLOGY

The Cold War Moves IntoSpace President Kennedysought to increase the coun-tryrsquos presence not onlyaround the world but also inspace With Cold War ten-sions continuing to rise theUnited States and the SovietUnion engaged in a spaceracemdashvying for dominanceof the heavens to enhancetheir competitive positionson Earth

Student WebActivity Visit theAmerican Vision Website at tavglencoecomand click on StudentWeb ActivitiesmdashChapter 28 for anactivity on the NewFrontier

HISTORY

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 847

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30825934

848 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Space ProgramThe space program expanded significantly

when President Kennedy announced his deter-

mination to beat the Soviets to the moon By

the time Neil Armstrong and Edwin (ldquoBuzzrdquo)

Aldrin walked on the moon in 1969 the

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) had spent over

$33 billion Since that time NASA expendi-

tures have affected far more than space

missions NASA research findings have

advanced knowledge of the nature of the

universe and people have applied them

to many technical fields and manufac-

turing processes

Moon boot material developed for

the space program is used

in many running shoes It has

improved shock absorption and

provides superior stability and

motion control

Kennedy was determined that the first humans toreach the moon would be Americans not RussiansIn 1961 he recommended to Congress that ldquothisnation should commit itself to achieving the goalbefore this decade is out of landing a man on themoonrdquo Kennedyrsquos dream was realized in July 1969during Richard Nixonrsquos first administration whenastronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person toset foot on the moon

Examining What global challengesdid Kennedy face during his presidency

Crises of the Cold WarPresident Kennedyrsquos efforts to combat Communist

influence in other countries led to some of the mostintense crises of the Cold War At times these crisesleft Americans and people in many other nationswondering whether the world would survive

The Bay of Pigs The first crisis occurred in Cubaonly 90 miles (145 km) from American shoresThere Fidel Castro had overthrown the corruptCuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 Almost

immediately Castro established ties with the SovietUnion instituted drastic land reforms and seizedforeign-owned businesses many of them AmericanCubarsquos alliance with the Soviets worried manyAmericans The Communists were now too close forcomfort and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev wasalso expressing his intent to strengthen Cuba militarily

Fearing that the Soviets would use Cuba as abase from which to spread revolution throughoutthe Western Hemisphere President Eisenhowerhad authorized the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) to secretly train and arm Cuban exilesknown as La Brigada to invade the island Theinvasion was intended to touch off a popular upris-ing against Castro

When Kennedy became president his advisersapproved the plan In office fewer than threemonths and trusting his experts Kennedy agreedto the operation with some changes On April 171961 1400 armed Cuban exiles landed at the Bayof Pigs on the south coast of Cuba The invasionwas a disaster La Brigadarsquos boats ran aground oncoral reefs Kennedy cancelled their air support tokeep United States involvement a secret and the

Reading Check

AV-848

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14403761

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 849

A communications satellite now in develop-

ment will provide better telephone television and

data service between western Europe the Americas

and Africa Another communications satellite has improved

ship-to-shore communications which used to be interrupted

frequently by bad weather

Increased Safety Remote-controlled robots reduce human

injury levels because they can perform

hazardous tasks men and women used

to carry out Robots can also perform

operations no human being ever could

such as volcano research on the Puna

Ridge of Kilauea Hawaii

Assistance for People With DisabilitiesThe NASA tele-operator and robot technology was used to develop a voice-

controlled wheelchair and manipulator Using a minicomputer the wheel-

chair responds to 35 single-word voice commands helping physically

challenged people perform tasks like picking up packages opening

doors and turning on appliances

expected popular uprising never happened Withintwo days Castrorsquos forces killed or captured almostall the members of La Brigada

The Bay of Pigs was a dark moment for theKennedy administration The action exposed anAmerican plot to overthrow a neighborrsquos govern-ment and the outcome made the United States lookweak and disorganized

The Berlin Wall Goes Up Still reeling from the Bayof Pigs fiasco Kennedy faced another foreign policychallenge beginning in June 1961 when he met withKhrushchev in Vienna Austria The Soviet leaderwas determined to test the resolve of the young pres-ident Khrushchev also wanted to stop the flood ofGermans pouring out of Communist East Germanyinto West Berlin He demanded that the Westernpowers recognize East Germany and that the UnitedStates Great Britain and France withdraw fromBerlin a city lying completely within East GermanyKennedy refused and reaffirmed the Westrsquos commit-ment to West Berlin

Khrushchev retaliated by building a wall throughBerlin blocking movement between the Soviet sector

and the rest of the city Guards posted along the wallshot at many of those attempting to escape from theEast For nearly 30 years afterward the Berlin Wallstood as a visible symbol of the Cold War divisionbetween East and West

The Cuban Missile Crisis By far the most terrifyingcrisis of the Kennedy era occurred the next year Onceagain the crisis dealt with Cuba Over the summer of1962 American intelligence agencies learned thatSoviet technicians and equipment had arrived in Cubaand that military construction was in progress Thenon October 22 President Kennedy announced on tele-vision that American spy planes had taken aerial pho-tographs showing that the Soviet Union had placedlong-range missiles in Cuba Enemy missiles stationedso close to the United States posed a dangerous threat

Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop theSoviets from delivering more missiles demanded thatthey dismantle existing missile sites and warned thatif any weapons were launched against the UnitedStates he would respond fully against the SovietUnion Still work on the missile sites continuedNuclear holocaust seemed imminent

AV-849

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15401736

Then after a flurry of secret negotiations theSoviet Union offered a deal It would remove the mis-siles if the United States promised not to invadeCuba and to remove its missiles from Turkey near theSoviet border As American officials considered theoffer letters and cables flew between the two leadersand their chief advisers

The reality was that neither Kennedy norKhrushchev wanted nuclear war ldquoOnly lunatics who themselves want to perish and before they diedestroy the world could do thisrdquo wrote the Sovietleader Still the dangerous standoff persisted OnOctober 28 the leaders reached an agreementKennedy publicly agreed not to invade Cuba and pri-vately agreed to remove the Turkish missiles theSoviets agreed to remove their missiles from CubaThe world could breathe again

The Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis TheCuban missile crisis brought the world closer tonuclear war than at any time since World War IIBoth the United States and the Soviet Union hadbeen forced to consider the consequences of such awar In the following months each country seemedready to work to lessen world tensions In August1963 the United States and the Soviet Union con-cluded years of negotiation by agreeing to a treatyto ban the testing of nuclear weapons in the

atmospheremdashthe first step toward mutual armsreduction since the beginning of the Cold War

In the long run however the missile crisis hadominous consequences The humiliating retreat theUnited States forced upon the Soviet leadershipundermined the position of Nikita Khrushchev andcontributed to his fall from power a year later Thenew leadership was less interested in reaching agree-ments with the West Perhaps more important thecrisis gave the Soviets evidence of their military infe-riority and helped produce a dramatic Soviet armsbuildup over the next two decades This buildup con-tributed to a comparable military increase in theUnited States in the early 1980s For a time the armsrace undermined American support for negotiatingwith the Soviets

Summarizing How was the Cubanmissile crisis resolved

The Death of a PresidentSoon after the Senate ratified the test ban treaty

John F Kennedyrsquos presidency came to a shocking andtragic end On November 22 1963 Kennedy and hiswife traveled to Texas with Vice President LyndonJohnson for a series of political appearances As thepresidential motorcade rode slowly through the

Reading Check

Cold War Peak Fears of communism peaked during theCuban missile crisis Routine reconnaissance flights over Cubarevealed the construction of missile sites fueling facilities andlaunch pads What steps did Kennedy take to deal with the

crisis

History

AV-850

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16906535

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-851

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12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-852

null

1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

AV-853

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1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

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11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

null

2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

null

24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

null

14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

null

13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Help
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Page 4: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

839

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit the American VisionWeb site at tavglencoecom

and click on ChapterOverviewsmdashChapter 28 to

preview chapter information

President John F Kennedy at his inaugural ball in 1961

March 1968bull Lyndon Johnson

announces that he willnot run for re-electionJuly 1965

bull Congress establishesMedicare andMedicaid programs

1966bull Indira Gandhi becomes

prime minister of India

1968bull Student riots

paralyze France

1966 1968

October 1966bull Fair Packaging and

Labeling Act passed

1960John Kennedy defeats RichardNixon for the presidency

840 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Election of 1960The television debates of the 1960 presidential election had enormous impact

Following the first debate the media focused more strongly on the appearance of thecandidates Suddenly the whole country seemed to have become experts on makeup and

On September 26 1960 at 930 PM eastern standard time streets all across the United States

grew strangely still An estimated 75 million people sat indoors focused on their television sets

where they saw two men standing behind lecterns One was John F Kennedy and the other was

Richard M Nixon

For the first time thanks to the wonders of television two presidential candidates were coming

right into the nationrsquos living rooms to debate Americans were enthralled ldquoYou hear each man

directlyrdquo observed one ldquoTherersquos nothing between you and what he saysrdquo added another ldquoYou can

see which man gets rattled easilyrdquo

The man who seemed to get rattled easily was Nixon Kennedy the Democratic nominee looked

healthy strong and confident Nixon the Republicansrsquo choice came across as tired and frazzled ldquoHe

appeared illrdquo one viewer commented In fact Nixon had been ill recently Kennedy had a glowing tan

while Nixonrsquos face was pale and drawn shadowed by the stubble of a beard As one observer noted

ldquoNixonrsquos eyes darted around perspiration was clearly noticeable on his chin and with the tight

shots these things were more obviousrdquo

mdashadapted from The Great Debate

The New Frontier

Main IdeaJohn F Kennedy encountered bothsuccess and setbacks on the domesticfront

Key Terms and Namesmissile gap New Frontier Earl Warrenreapportionment due process

Reading StrategyCategorizing As you read about thepresidency of John F Kennedy completea graphic organizer similar to the onebelow by filling in the domesticsuccesses and setbacks of Kennedyrsquosadministration

Reading Objectives bull Summarize Kennedyrsquos economic

policiesbull Explain why Congress often did not

support Kennedyrsquos proposals

Section ThemeCivic Rights and Responsibilities TheSupreme Court made decisions that pro-tected individual rights including theldquoone man one voterdquo decision

1961Kennedy creates Presidential Commissionon the Status of Women

1962Supreme Court issuesBaker v Carr ruling

1963Kennedy signs EqualPay Act for women

Successes Setbacks

196219611960 1963

AV-840

null

10600336

television lighting One Republican leader even won-dered if the Democrats had supplied Nixonrsquos makeup

With that debate the era of television politics hadbegun Though television had been used in cam-paigns as early as 1948 it was not until the 1960 elec-tion that a large majority of voters used the mediumas a voting tool The nation itself seemed on the brinkof a new age Having lived through a decade ofunprecedented prosperity and the onset of the ColdWar and the atomic age Americans looked to thefuture with excitement and anxiety

Both candidates shared the desire to lead thenation through the challenges of a new decade butthey differed in many ways Kennedy a Catholiccame from a wealthy and influential Massachusettsfamily Nixon a Quaker was a Californian from afinancially struggling family Kennedy seemed out-going and relaxed while Nixon struck many as for-mal and even stiff in manner

A New Kind of Campaign Compared to earlier cam-paigns the 1960 presidential race made new use of tel-evision with both major parties spending substantialamounts of money on television ads The Democratsspent over $6 million in television and radio spotswhile the Republicans spent more than $75 million

Not everyone was happy with this new emphasison image Television news commentator Eric Sevareidcomplained that the candidates had become ldquopack-aged productsrdquo and he stated that ldquothe ProcessedPolitician has finally arrivedrdquo

The Main Issues The campaign centered on theeconomy and the Cold War Although the candidatespresented different styles they differed little on thesetwo issues Both promised to boost the economy andboth portrayed themselves as ldquoCold Warriorsrdquo deter-mined to stop the forces of communism

Kennedy argued that the nation faced seriousthreats from the Soviets In Cuba Fidel Castro was allying himself with the Soviet Union At home manypeople lived in fear of a Soviet nuclear attack Kennedy voiced his concern about a suspectedldquomissile gaprdquo in which the United States laggedbehind the Soviets in weaponry (Decades laterAmericans learned that in fact the only area where theSoviet Union was briefly ahead was in rocketry) Thenation Kennedy argued had grown complacent andaimless ldquoIt is time to get this country moving againrdquo

Nixon countered that the United States was on theright track under the current administration ldquoIrsquomtired of hearing our opponents downgrade theUnited Statesrdquo the vice president said Nixon also

warned that the Democratsrsquo fiscal policies wouldboost inflation and that only he had the necessaryforeign policy experience to guide the nation

Kennedy came under scrutiny about his religionThe United States had never had a Catholic presidentand many Protestants had concerns about KennedyKennedy decided to confront this issue openly in aspeech ldquoI believe in an America where the separationof the church and state is absoluterdquo he said ldquowhereno Catholic prelate would tell the president shouldhe be a Catholic how to actrdquo

The four televised debates strongly influenced theoutcome of the election one of the closest inAmerican history Kennedy won the popular vote by119000 out of 68 million votes cast and the ElectoralCollege by 303 votes to 219 In several states only afew thousand votes could have swung the ElectoralCollege numbers the other way

Identifying What were two mainissues of the 1960 presidential election

The Kennedy MystiqueDespite his narrow victory John F Kennedy com-

monly referred to as JFK captured the imagination ofthe American public as few presidents before himhad During the campaign many had been takenwith Kennedyrsquos youth and optimism The new presi-dent strongly reinforced this impression when hegave his Inaugural Address

Inauguration Day January 20 1961 was crisp andcold in Washington DC At the site of the ceremonya crowd gathered wrapped in coats and blankets AsKennedy rose to take the oath of office he wore nei-ther a coat nor a hat During his speech the new pres-ident declared ldquoThe torch has been passed to a newgenerationrdquo and he called on his fellow citizens totake a more active role in making the United States abetter place ldquoMy fellow Americansrdquo he exclaimedldquoask not what your country can do for youmdashaskwhat you can do for your countryrdquo

Kennedy his wife Jacqueline their childrenCaroline and John and their large extended familyseemed to have been created for media coverageReporters followed the family everywhere

Reading Check

Kennedy tie clasp (left) and Nixon pendantfrom 1960 presidential campaign

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31442484

Kennedy himself was a master of the media particu-larly television He was the first to broadcast his pressconferences live on television

The Kennedy charisma inspired many of his staffmembers His press secretary Pierre Salinger put thisfeeling into words

ldquoNone of us will ever have a better job as long as

we live The big plusmdashthe fringe benefit that

made it all worthwhilemdashwas JFK himself Our

faith in him and in what he was trying to do was

absolute and he could impart to our work together a

sense of challenge and adventuremdasha feeling that he

was moving and the world with him toward a better

timerdquomdashquoted in With Kennedy

Summarizing In what ways didJohn F Kennedy inspire the nation

Success and Setback on theDomestic Front

Not everyone in the nation fell for the Kennedymystique His high culture elite Northeastupbringing and Catholicism irritated someAmericans Congress also was less than taken withthe new president Upon entering office PresidentKennedy set out to implement a legislative agendawhich became known as the New Frontier Hehoped to increase aid to education provide healthinsurance to the elderly create a Department ofUrban Affairs and help migrant workers He

would soon find that transforming lofty ideals intoreal legislation was no easy task on Capitol Hill

Kennedy Struggles With Congress Although theDemocratic Party enjoyed large majorities in bothhouses of Congress Kennedy was unable to pushthrough many of his domestic programs Kennedy hadtrailed Nixon in many Democratic districts and hadnot helped many Democrats get elected Those whodid win therefore did not feel they owed him any-thing As one Democrat in Congress told US News ampWorld Report ldquoA good many [congressional representa-tives] were elected in 1960 in spite of his presence onthe ticket rather than because his name was thererdquo Asa result legislators found it easy to follow their owninterests rather than those of the president

In addition Republicans as well as conservativeSouthern Democratsmdashwho were responsible for hold-ing the Democratic majority in Congressmdashviewed theNew Frontier as too big and too costly Senator EverettDirksen Republican minority leader from Illinoisclaimed that Kennedyrsquos efforts to increase the powerand reach of the federal government would push thenation down an ominous path

In the end Congress defeated a number of JFKrsquosproposals including health insurance for the elderlya Department of Urban Affairs and federal aid toeducation The president often resisted calls to pushharder for his agenda He decided not to fight everybattle on Capitol Hill and preferred to reserve hisbargaining power for issues that were both trulyimportant and winnable

ECONOMICS

Strengthening the Economy Kennedy did achievesome victories in Congress particularly in his effortsto improve the nationrsquos economy The Americaneconomy which had soared through much of the1950s had slowed by the end of the decade From1960 to 1961 the growth rate of the gross nationalproduct was only 2 percent while the unemploy-ment rate hovered near 7 percent of the workforcethe second-highest figure since World War II

In an effort to increase growth and create morejobs Kennedy advocated the New Deal strategy ofdeficit spending first implemented during FranklinRooseveltrsquos presidency The new president convincedCongress to invest more funds in defense and in spaceexploration Such spending did indeed create morejobs and stimulate economic growth Reluctant to relytoo heavily on deficit spending which tends to causeinflation Kennedy also sought to boost the economyby increasing business production and efficiency In

Reading Check

The Kennedy White House Jacqueline Kennedy (center right) broughtyouthful elegance and style to the White House Why do you think the media

scrutinized the First Family so much

History

842 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-842

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25674084

addition his administration asked businesses to holddown prices and labor leaders to hold down payincreases

Prodded by Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberglabor unions in the steel industry agreed to reducetheir demands for higher wages In 1962 howeverseveral steel companies raised prices sharply

The president threatened to have the Departmentof Defense buy cheaper steel from foreign companiesand instructed the Justice Department to investigatewhether the steel industry was guilty of price-fixingIn response to Kennedyrsquos tactics the steel companiesbacked down and cut their prices To achieve this vic-tory however the president had strained his rela-tions with the nationrsquos business community

In an effort to get the economy moving Kennedyalso adopted supply-side ideas and pushed for a cut intax rates When opponents argued that a tax cut wouldonly help the wealthy Kennedy asserted that lowertaxes meant businesses would have more money toexpand which would create new jobs and benefiteverybody ldquoA rising tide lifts all boatsrdquo Kennedyexplained as a way to illustrate how tax cuts wouldstimulate the economy and help all Americans

Congress refused to pass the tax cut because manymembers feared it would cause inflation Howeverthey did support Kennedyrsquos request to raise the mini-mum wage and his proposal for an AreaRedevelopment Act and a Housing Act These two pro-grams provided funds to poor areas They helped toclear slums create jobs and build low-income housing

Womenrsquos Rights Kennedy also helped womenmake strides during the 1960s Although Kennedynever appointed a woman to his cabinet a number ofwomen worked in prominent positions in his admin-istration including Esther Peterson assistant secre-tary of labor and director of the Womenrsquos Bureau ofthe Department of Labor

Kennedy advanced womenrsquos rights in other ways aswell In 1961 he created the Presidential Commissionon the Status of Women The commission called forfederal action against gender discrimination andaffirmed the right of women to equally paid employ-ment Kennedy responded by issuing an executiveorder ending gender discrimination in the federal civilservice and in 1963 he signed the Equal Pay Act forwomen The commission also sparked the creation ofsimilar groups on the state level and inspired manywomen to work together to further their interests

Evaluating Why did Kennedy havedifficulty getting his New Frontier legislation passed

Warren Court ReformsDuring the Kennedy years the Supreme Court also

took an active role in social issues In 1953 PresidentEisenhower had nominated Earl Warren the popularRepublican governor of California to become ChiefJustice of the United States More so than previouscourts the Warren Court took an activist stance help-ing to shape national policy by taking a forceful standon a number of key issues of the day

GOVERNMENT

ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo One of the Warren Courtrsquosmore notable decisions had a powerful impact onwho would hold political power in the United StatesThis decision concerned reapportionment or the wayin which states draw up political districts based onchanges in population By 1960 many moreAmericans resided in cities and suburbs than in ruralareas Yet many states had failed to restructure theirelectoral districts to reflect that change

In Tennessee for example a rural county with only2340 voters had 1 representative in the state assem-bly while an urban county with 133 times more votershad only 7 The vote of a city dweller counted for lessthan the vote of a rural resident Some Tennessee vot-ers took the matter to court

The Baker v Carr case reached the Supreme Courtafter a federal court ruled that the issue should be

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 843

Camelot In December 1960 Camelot a musicalstarring Richard Burton and Julie Andrews openedon Broadway in New York City The Kennedysattended the show which told the legend of theheroism of King Arthur and the Knights of the RoundTable and so enjoyed it that they listened to themusic often The presidentrsquos favorite song includedthe lines ldquoDonrsquot let it be forgot that once there was aspot for one brief shining moment that was knownas Camelotrdquo

In later years the Kennedy presidency becameknown as ldquoCamelotrdquo largely because of MrsKennedy Shortly after the presidentrsquos death in 1963she told a journalist that all she could think aboutwas the presidentrsquos favorite line She went on to sayldquoTherersquoll be great presidents again but therersquollnever be another Camelot againrdquo JournalistTheodore H White later wrote that ldquoall she couldrepeat was lsquoTell people there will never be thatCamelot againrsquordquo

AV-843

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solved by legislation The Fourteenth Amendmentspecifically gives Congress authority to enforce vot-ing rights In 1962 the Supreme Court ruled that thefederal courts did have jurisdiction and sent the mat-ter back to the lower courts (See page 1080 for moreinformation on Baker v Carr)

Two years later in June 1964 the Supreme Courtruled in Reynolds v Sims that the current apportion-ment system in most states was indeed unconstitu-tional In a decision that helped to promote theprinciple of ldquoone man one voterdquo the Warren Courtrequired state legislatures to reapportion electoral dis-tricts so that all citizensrsquo votes would have equalweight The Courtrsquos decision was a momentous onefor it shifted political power throughout the countryfrom rural and often conservative areas to urban areaswhere more liberal voters resided The Courtrsquos decisionalso boosted the political power of African Americansand Hispanics who typically lived in cities (See page1082 for more information on Reynolds v Sims)

Extending Due Process In a series of historic rul-ings in the 1960s the US Supreme Court began touse the Fourteenth Amendment to apply the Bill ofRights to the states Originally the Bill of Rights

applied only to the federal government Many stateshad their own bill of rights but some federal rightsdid not exist at the state level The FourteenthAmendment specifically stated that ldquono stateshall deprive any person of life liberty or prop-erty without due process of lawrdquo Due process meansthat the law may not treat individuals unfairly arbi-trarily or unreasonably and that courts must followproper procedures and rules when trying cases Dueprocess ensures that all people are treated the sameby the court system In the 1960s the Supreme Courtruled in several cases that upholding due processmeant applying the federal bill of rights to the states

In 1961 the Supreme Court ruled in Mapp v Ohiothat state courts could not consider evidenceobtained in violation of the federal Constitution InGideon v Wainwright (1963) the Court ruled that adefendant in a state court had the right to a lawyerregardless of his or her ability to pay The followingyear in Escobedo v Illinois the justices ruled that a

844 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Civil Rights

Due Process

Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech

Segregation in public schools unconstitutional

Established that federal courts can hear lawsuits seeking to force state authorities to redrawelectoral districts

State legislative districts should be equal in population

Desegregation of public accommodations established inthe Civil Rights Act of 1964 is legal

States may not ban interracial marriage

Unlawfully seized evidence is inadmissible at trial

Suspects are entitled to court-appointed attorneyif unable to afford one on their own

Accused has the right to an attorney during police questioning

Police must inform suspects of their rights during thearrest process

State-mandated prayer in school banned

State-mandated Bible readings in school banned

Celebrities may sue the media for libel only in certaincircumstances

Brown v Board of Education (1954)

Baker v Carr (1962)

Reynolds v Sims (1964)

Heart of Atlanta Motel v United States (1964)

Loving v Virginia (1967)

Mapp v Ohio (1961)

Gideon v Wainwright (1963)

Escobedo v Illinois (1964)

Miranda v Arizona (1966)

Engel v Vitale (1962)

Abington School District v Schempp (1963)

New York Times v Sullivan (1964)

Major Decisions of the Warren Court 1954mdash1967

1 Interpreting Charts Analyze the effects Brown vBoard of Education and Reynolds v Sims had on thenation

2 Summarizing What three major areas of policy didthe Warren Courtrsquos decisions affect

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16242961

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 845

Checking for Understanding1 Define missile gap reapportionment

due process2 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren3 Summarize the progress made for

womenrsquos rights during Kennedyrsquosadministration

Reviewing Themes4 Civic Rights and Responsibilities

Name three decisions of the WarrenCourt that protected civil rights

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting In what way was the 1960

presidential election a turning point incampaign history

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list theeconomic policies of the Kennedyadministration

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Charts Study the chart of

Warren Court decisions on page 844How did the Court expand the rights ofthe accused Were these sound deci-sions Why or why not

Economic

Policies

suspect must be allowed access to a lawyer and mustbe informed of his or her right to remain silent beforebeing questioned by the police Miranda v Arizona(1966) went even further requiring that authoritiesimmediately give suspects a fourfold warning Thewarning consisted of informing suspects that theyhave the right to remain silent that anything they saycan and will be used against them in court that theyhave a right to a lawyer while being questioned andthat if they cannot afford a lawyer the court willappoint one for them Today these warnings areknown as the Miranda rights (See pages 1081ndash1082for more information on Mapp v Ohio Gideon v Wainwright

Escobedo v Illinois and Miranda v Arizona)Many citizens and police departments and even

some of the Supreme Court justices accused theWarren Court of favoring criminals Others cheeredthe decisions seeing them as promoting the rightsof all citizens even the less privileged

Prayer and Privacy The Supreme Court alsohanded down decisions that reaffirmed the separa-tion of church and state The Court applied the FirstAmendment to the states in Engel v Vitale (1962) Inthis ruling the Court decided that states could notcompose official prayers and require those prayers tobe recited in state public schools The following yearin Abington School District v Schempp it ruled againststate-mandated Bible readings in public schoolsWeighing in on another controversial issue the Courtruled in Griswold v Connecticut (1965) that prohibit-ing the sale and use of birth control devices violatedcitizensrsquo constitutional right to privacy (See pages1080ndash1081 for more information on these Supreme Court cases)

As with most rulings of the Warren Court thesedecisions delighted some and deeply disturbed others What most people did agree upon howeverwas the Courtrsquos pivotal role in shaping nationalpolicy The Warren Court wrote New York Timescolumnist Anthony Lewis ldquohas brought aboutmore social change than most Congresses and mostPresidentsrdquo

From the political arena to the legal system to peoplersquos everyday lives the Warren Court indeed leftits imprint on the nation Meanwhile away from thedomestic arena President Kennedy worked to makehis mark on the countryrsquos foreign affairs during a timeof rising Cold War tensions

Examining What was the signifi-cance of the Warren Courtrsquos ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo ruling

Reading Check

Activist Court The Warren Court poses for its official portrait in 1962with Chief Justice Earl Warren front and center

8 Expository Writing In his InauguralAddress President Kennedy asked hisfellow Americans to ldquoAsk what you cando for your countryrdquo Respond to thisstatement in an essay

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-845

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16206386

May 1961Kennedy informs Congress ofmoon expedition goal

846 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

1962 1964

Kennedy Confronts Global Challenges The Cuban missile crisis as the standoff came to be called may have been the most

dramatic foreign policy episode Kennedy faced It was not the only one however AsKennedy entered the White House the nationrsquos dangerous rivalry with the SovietUnion continued to intensify As a result the new president had to devote much of

Like millions of other Americans in late October 1962 Tami Gold was having trouble concentrating

on anything For several tension-filled days that fall the world seemed headed for nuclear destruc-

tion US officials had discovered that the Soviet Union had placed missiles in Cubamdasha mere 90 miles

(145 km) from the shores of the United States When the Soviets refused to remove the weapons a

bitter weeklong standoff ensued in which the two superpowers hurled threats and warnings at each

other and moved to the brink of nuclear war Gold then a seventh-grade student in Long Island New

York recalled the events of one particular day

ldquoI remember I was in the bathroom of the school when they had said over the loud speaker

that everyone had to return to their homerooms immediately and get instruction from their homeroom

teacher And it was probably one of the scariest moments of my life it was like the sensation that our

country could go to war and I didnrsquot understand at all what it was about but the fact that the country

could go to war at any moment was really really present It was chilling it was scary it was really

nauseating rdquomdashquoted in Collective Memories of the Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK and the Cold War

Main IdeaAs president John F Kennedy had toconfront the challenges and fears of theCold War

Key Terms and Namesflexible response Peace Corps spacerace Berlin Wall Warren Commission

Reading StrategySequencing As you read about the crisesof the Cold War complete a time linesimilar to the one below to record themajor events of the Cold War in the late1950s and early 1960s

Reading Objectives bull Describe Kennedyrsquos plan for the armed

forcesbull Explain how the Cold War influenced

foreign aid and the space program

Section ThemeScience and Technology During theCold War the nation devoted much of itsscientific and technological resources tocompeting with the Soviet Union espe-cially in getting to the moon

Jan1959

Aug1963

1961 1963

April 1961Bay of Pigs invasion

October 1962Cuban missile crisis

September 1963Senate ratifies LimitedTest Ban Treaty

November 22 1963Kennedy assassinated

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11859373

his energy in foreign policy matters to guiding thenation through the deepening Cold War

Kennedy appeared ready to stand up to theSoviets Upon taking the oath of office the new pres-ident devoted much of his Inaugural Address to therole of the United States in a divided world

ldquoLet the word go forth from this time and

place that the torch has been passed to a new

generation of Americansmdashborn in this century tem-

pered by war disciplined by a hard and bitter peace

proud of our ancient heritagemdashand unwilling to wit-

ness or permit the slow undoing of those human

rights to which this nation has always been commit-

ted Let every nation know whether it wishes us

well or ill that we shall pay any price bear any bur-

den meet any hardship support any friend oppose

any foe to assure the survival and the success of

libertyrdquomdashquoted in Let the Word Go Forth

Kennedy attempted to reduce the threat of nuclearwar and to stop the spread of communism with a rangeof programs These included a conventional weaponryprogram economic aid and the Peace Corps

A More Flexible Response Kennedy took office at atime of growing global instability Nationalism wasexploding throughout the developing world and theSoviet Union actively supported ldquowars of national lib-erationrdquo Newsweek magazine wrote that the ldquogreatestsingle problem that faces John Kennedy is how tomeet the aggressive power of the Communist blocrdquo

Kennedy felt that Eisenhower had relied too heav-ily on nuclear weapons which could only be used inextreme situations To allow for a ldquoflexible responserdquoif nations needed help against Communist move-ments the president pushed for a buildup of conven-tional troops and weapons Although costly a flexibleresponse plan would allow the United States to fight alimited style of warfare

In adopting this plan Kennedy supported theSpecial Forces a small army unit created in the 1950sto wage guerrilla warfare in limited conflictsKennedy expanded it and allowed the soldiers towear their distinctive ldquoGreen Beretrdquo headgear

Aid to Other Countries One area of the world whereKennedy wanted to renew diplomatic focus was LatinAmerica Conditions in much of Latin American soci-ety were not good Governments were often in thehands of the wealthy few and many of their citizens

lived in extreme poverty In some Latin Americancountries these conditions spurred the growth of left-wing movements aimed at overthrowing their govern-ments When the United States was involved in LatinAmerica it was usually to help existing governmentsstay in power in order to prevent Communist move-ments from flourishing Poor Latin Americans resentedthis intrusion just as they resented American corpora-tions that had business operations in their countries apresence that was seen as a kind of imperialism

To improve relations between the United Statesand Latin America President Kennedy proposed anAlliance for Progress a series of cooperative aidprojects with Latin American governments Thealliance was designed to create a ldquofree and prosper-ous Latin Americardquo that would be less likely to sup-port Communist-inspired revolutions

Over a 10-year period the United States pledged$20 billion to help Latin American countries establishbetter schools housing health care and fairer landdistribution The results were mixed In some coun-triesmdashnotably Chile Colombia Venezuela and theCentral American republicsmdashthe alliance did pro-mote real reform In others governing rulers used themoney to keep themselves in power

The Peace Corps Another program aimed at helpingless developed nations fight poverty was the PeaceCorps an organization that sent young Americans toperform humanitarian services in these countries

After rigorous training volunteers spent twoyears in countries that had requested assistanceThey laid out sewage systems in Bolivia and trainedmedical technicians in Chad Others taught English orhelped to build roads By late 1963 thousands of PeaceCorps volunteers were serving in over 30 countriesToday the Peace Corps is still active and remains oneof Kennedyrsquos most enduring legacies

TECHNOLOGY

The Cold War Moves IntoSpace President Kennedysought to increase the coun-tryrsquos presence not onlyaround the world but also inspace With Cold War ten-sions continuing to rise theUnited States and the SovietUnion engaged in a spaceracemdashvying for dominanceof the heavens to enhancetheir competitive positionson Earth

Student WebActivity Visit theAmerican Vision Website at tavglencoecomand click on StudentWeb ActivitiesmdashChapter 28 for anactivity on the NewFrontier

HISTORY

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 847

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848 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Space ProgramThe space program expanded significantly

when President Kennedy announced his deter-

mination to beat the Soviets to the moon By

the time Neil Armstrong and Edwin (ldquoBuzzrdquo)

Aldrin walked on the moon in 1969 the

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) had spent over

$33 billion Since that time NASA expendi-

tures have affected far more than space

missions NASA research findings have

advanced knowledge of the nature of the

universe and people have applied them

to many technical fields and manufac-

turing processes

Moon boot material developed for

the space program is used

in many running shoes It has

improved shock absorption and

provides superior stability and

motion control

Kennedy was determined that the first humans toreach the moon would be Americans not RussiansIn 1961 he recommended to Congress that ldquothisnation should commit itself to achieving the goalbefore this decade is out of landing a man on themoonrdquo Kennedyrsquos dream was realized in July 1969during Richard Nixonrsquos first administration whenastronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person toset foot on the moon

Examining What global challengesdid Kennedy face during his presidency

Crises of the Cold WarPresident Kennedyrsquos efforts to combat Communist

influence in other countries led to some of the mostintense crises of the Cold War At times these crisesleft Americans and people in many other nationswondering whether the world would survive

The Bay of Pigs The first crisis occurred in Cubaonly 90 miles (145 km) from American shoresThere Fidel Castro had overthrown the corruptCuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 Almost

immediately Castro established ties with the SovietUnion instituted drastic land reforms and seizedforeign-owned businesses many of them AmericanCubarsquos alliance with the Soviets worried manyAmericans The Communists were now too close forcomfort and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev wasalso expressing his intent to strengthen Cuba militarily

Fearing that the Soviets would use Cuba as abase from which to spread revolution throughoutthe Western Hemisphere President Eisenhowerhad authorized the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) to secretly train and arm Cuban exilesknown as La Brigada to invade the island Theinvasion was intended to touch off a popular upris-ing against Castro

When Kennedy became president his advisersapproved the plan In office fewer than threemonths and trusting his experts Kennedy agreedto the operation with some changes On April 171961 1400 armed Cuban exiles landed at the Bayof Pigs on the south coast of Cuba The invasionwas a disaster La Brigadarsquos boats ran aground oncoral reefs Kennedy cancelled their air support tokeep United States involvement a secret and the

Reading Check

AV-848

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CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 849

A communications satellite now in develop-

ment will provide better telephone television and

data service between western Europe the Americas

and Africa Another communications satellite has improved

ship-to-shore communications which used to be interrupted

frequently by bad weather

Increased Safety Remote-controlled robots reduce human

injury levels because they can perform

hazardous tasks men and women used

to carry out Robots can also perform

operations no human being ever could

such as volcano research on the Puna

Ridge of Kilauea Hawaii

Assistance for People With DisabilitiesThe NASA tele-operator and robot technology was used to develop a voice-

controlled wheelchair and manipulator Using a minicomputer the wheel-

chair responds to 35 single-word voice commands helping physically

challenged people perform tasks like picking up packages opening

doors and turning on appliances

expected popular uprising never happened Withintwo days Castrorsquos forces killed or captured almostall the members of La Brigada

The Bay of Pigs was a dark moment for theKennedy administration The action exposed anAmerican plot to overthrow a neighborrsquos govern-ment and the outcome made the United States lookweak and disorganized

The Berlin Wall Goes Up Still reeling from the Bayof Pigs fiasco Kennedy faced another foreign policychallenge beginning in June 1961 when he met withKhrushchev in Vienna Austria The Soviet leaderwas determined to test the resolve of the young pres-ident Khrushchev also wanted to stop the flood ofGermans pouring out of Communist East Germanyinto West Berlin He demanded that the Westernpowers recognize East Germany and that the UnitedStates Great Britain and France withdraw fromBerlin a city lying completely within East GermanyKennedy refused and reaffirmed the Westrsquos commit-ment to West Berlin

Khrushchev retaliated by building a wall throughBerlin blocking movement between the Soviet sector

and the rest of the city Guards posted along the wallshot at many of those attempting to escape from theEast For nearly 30 years afterward the Berlin Wallstood as a visible symbol of the Cold War divisionbetween East and West

The Cuban Missile Crisis By far the most terrifyingcrisis of the Kennedy era occurred the next year Onceagain the crisis dealt with Cuba Over the summer of1962 American intelligence agencies learned thatSoviet technicians and equipment had arrived in Cubaand that military construction was in progress Thenon October 22 President Kennedy announced on tele-vision that American spy planes had taken aerial pho-tographs showing that the Soviet Union had placedlong-range missiles in Cuba Enemy missiles stationedso close to the United States posed a dangerous threat

Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop theSoviets from delivering more missiles demanded thatthey dismantle existing missile sites and warned thatif any weapons were launched against the UnitedStates he would respond fully against the SovietUnion Still work on the missile sites continuedNuclear holocaust seemed imminent

AV-849

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15401736

Then after a flurry of secret negotiations theSoviet Union offered a deal It would remove the mis-siles if the United States promised not to invadeCuba and to remove its missiles from Turkey near theSoviet border As American officials considered theoffer letters and cables flew between the two leadersand their chief advisers

The reality was that neither Kennedy norKhrushchev wanted nuclear war ldquoOnly lunatics who themselves want to perish and before they diedestroy the world could do thisrdquo wrote the Sovietleader Still the dangerous standoff persisted OnOctober 28 the leaders reached an agreementKennedy publicly agreed not to invade Cuba and pri-vately agreed to remove the Turkish missiles theSoviets agreed to remove their missiles from CubaThe world could breathe again

The Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis TheCuban missile crisis brought the world closer tonuclear war than at any time since World War IIBoth the United States and the Soviet Union hadbeen forced to consider the consequences of such awar In the following months each country seemedready to work to lessen world tensions In August1963 the United States and the Soviet Union con-cluded years of negotiation by agreeing to a treatyto ban the testing of nuclear weapons in the

atmospheremdashthe first step toward mutual armsreduction since the beginning of the Cold War

In the long run however the missile crisis hadominous consequences The humiliating retreat theUnited States forced upon the Soviet leadershipundermined the position of Nikita Khrushchev andcontributed to his fall from power a year later Thenew leadership was less interested in reaching agree-ments with the West Perhaps more important thecrisis gave the Soviets evidence of their military infe-riority and helped produce a dramatic Soviet armsbuildup over the next two decades This buildup con-tributed to a comparable military increase in theUnited States in the early 1980s For a time the armsrace undermined American support for negotiatingwith the Soviets

Summarizing How was the Cubanmissile crisis resolved

The Death of a PresidentSoon after the Senate ratified the test ban treaty

John F Kennedyrsquos presidency came to a shocking andtragic end On November 22 1963 Kennedy and hiswife traveled to Texas with Vice President LyndonJohnson for a series of political appearances As thepresidential motorcade rode slowly through the

Reading Check

Cold War Peak Fears of communism peaked during theCuban missile crisis Routine reconnaissance flights over Cubarevealed the construction of missile sites fueling facilities andlaunch pads What steps did Kennedy take to deal with the

crisis

History

AV-850

null

16906535

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-851

null

12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-852

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1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

AV-853

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1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

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11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

null

2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

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24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

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14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

null

13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 5: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

1960John Kennedy defeats RichardNixon for the presidency

840 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Election of 1960The television debates of the 1960 presidential election had enormous impact

Following the first debate the media focused more strongly on the appearance of thecandidates Suddenly the whole country seemed to have become experts on makeup and

On September 26 1960 at 930 PM eastern standard time streets all across the United States

grew strangely still An estimated 75 million people sat indoors focused on their television sets

where they saw two men standing behind lecterns One was John F Kennedy and the other was

Richard M Nixon

For the first time thanks to the wonders of television two presidential candidates were coming

right into the nationrsquos living rooms to debate Americans were enthralled ldquoYou hear each man

directlyrdquo observed one ldquoTherersquos nothing between you and what he saysrdquo added another ldquoYou can

see which man gets rattled easilyrdquo

The man who seemed to get rattled easily was Nixon Kennedy the Democratic nominee looked

healthy strong and confident Nixon the Republicansrsquo choice came across as tired and frazzled ldquoHe

appeared illrdquo one viewer commented In fact Nixon had been ill recently Kennedy had a glowing tan

while Nixonrsquos face was pale and drawn shadowed by the stubble of a beard As one observer noted

ldquoNixonrsquos eyes darted around perspiration was clearly noticeable on his chin and with the tight

shots these things were more obviousrdquo

mdashadapted from The Great Debate

The New Frontier

Main IdeaJohn F Kennedy encountered bothsuccess and setbacks on the domesticfront

Key Terms and Namesmissile gap New Frontier Earl Warrenreapportionment due process

Reading StrategyCategorizing As you read about thepresidency of John F Kennedy completea graphic organizer similar to the onebelow by filling in the domesticsuccesses and setbacks of Kennedyrsquosadministration

Reading Objectives bull Summarize Kennedyrsquos economic

policiesbull Explain why Congress often did not

support Kennedyrsquos proposals

Section ThemeCivic Rights and Responsibilities TheSupreme Court made decisions that pro-tected individual rights including theldquoone man one voterdquo decision

1961Kennedy creates Presidential Commissionon the Status of Women

1962Supreme Court issuesBaker v Carr ruling

1963Kennedy signs EqualPay Act for women

Successes Setbacks

196219611960 1963

AV-840

null

10600336

television lighting One Republican leader even won-dered if the Democrats had supplied Nixonrsquos makeup

With that debate the era of television politics hadbegun Though television had been used in cam-paigns as early as 1948 it was not until the 1960 elec-tion that a large majority of voters used the mediumas a voting tool The nation itself seemed on the brinkof a new age Having lived through a decade ofunprecedented prosperity and the onset of the ColdWar and the atomic age Americans looked to thefuture with excitement and anxiety

Both candidates shared the desire to lead thenation through the challenges of a new decade butthey differed in many ways Kennedy a Catholiccame from a wealthy and influential Massachusettsfamily Nixon a Quaker was a Californian from afinancially struggling family Kennedy seemed out-going and relaxed while Nixon struck many as for-mal and even stiff in manner

A New Kind of Campaign Compared to earlier cam-paigns the 1960 presidential race made new use of tel-evision with both major parties spending substantialamounts of money on television ads The Democratsspent over $6 million in television and radio spotswhile the Republicans spent more than $75 million

Not everyone was happy with this new emphasison image Television news commentator Eric Sevareidcomplained that the candidates had become ldquopack-aged productsrdquo and he stated that ldquothe ProcessedPolitician has finally arrivedrdquo

The Main Issues The campaign centered on theeconomy and the Cold War Although the candidatespresented different styles they differed little on thesetwo issues Both promised to boost the economy andboth portrayed themselves as ldquoCold Warriorsrdquo deter-mined to stop the forces of communism

Kennedy argued that the nation faced seriousthreats from the Soviets In Cuba Fidel Castro was allying himself with the Soviet Union At home manypeople lived in fear of a Soviet nuclear attack Kennedy voiced his concern about a suspectedldquomissile gaprdquo in which the United States laggedbehind the Soviets in weaponry (Decades laterAmericans learned that in fact the only area where theSoviet Union was briefly ahead was in rocketry) Thenation Kennedy argued had grown complacent andaimless ldquoIt is time to get this country moving againrdquo

Nixon countered that the United States was on theright track under the current administration ldquoIrsquomtired of hearing our opponents downgrade theUnited Statesrdquo the vice president said Nixon also

warned that the Democratsrsquo fiscal policies wouldboost inflation and that only he had the necessaryforeign policy experience to guide the nation

Kennedy came under scrutiny about his religionThe United States had never had a Catholic presidentand many Protestants had concerns about KennedyKennedy decided to confront this issue openly in aspeech ldquoI believe in an America where the separationof the church and state is absoluterdquo he said ldquowhereno Catholic prelate would tell the president shouldhe be a Catholic how to actrdquo

The four televised debates strongly influenced theoutcome of the election one of the closest inAmerican history Kennedy won the popular vote by119000 out of 68 million votes cast and the ElectoralCollege by 303 votes to 219 In several states only afew thousand votes could have swung the ElectoralCollege numbers the other way

Identifying What were two mainissues of the 1960 presidential election

The Kennedy MystiqueDespite his narrow victory John F Kennedy com-

monly referred to as JFK captured the imagination ofthe American public as few presidents before himhad During the campaign many had been takenwith Kennedyrsquos youth and optimism The new presi-dent strongly reinforced this impression when hegave his Inaugural Address

Inauguration Day January 20 1961 was crisp andcold in Washington DC At the site of the ceremonya crowd gathered wrapped in coats and blankets AsKennedy rose to take the oath of office he wore nei-ther a coat nor a hat During his speech the new pres-ident declared ldquoThe torch has been passed to a newgenerationrdquo and he called on his fellow citizens totake a more active role in making the United States abetter place ldquoMy fellow Americansrdquo he exclaimedldquoask not what your country can do for youmdashaskwhat you can do for your countryrdquo

Kennedy his wife Jacqueline their childrenCaroline and John and their large extended familyseemed to have been created for media coverageReporters followed the family everywhere

Reading Check

Kennedy tie clasp (left) and Nixon pendantfrom 1960 presidential campaign

AV-841

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31442484

Kennedy himself was a master of the media particu-larly television He was the first to broadcast his pressconferences live on television

The Kennedy charisma inspired many of his staffmembers His press secretary Pierre Salinger put thisfeeling into words

ldquoNone of us will ever have a better job as long as

we live The big plusmdashthe fringe benefit that

made it all worthwhilemdashwas JFK himself Our

faith in him and in what he was trying to do was

absolute and he could impart to our work together a

sense of challenge and adventuremdasha feeling that he

was moving and the world with him toward a better

timerdquomdashquoted in With Kennedy

Summarizing In what ways didJohn F Kennedy inspire the nation

Success and Setback on theDomestic Front

Not everyone in the nation fell for the Kennedymystique His high culture elite Northeastupbringing and Catholicism irritated someAmericans Congress also was less than taken withthe new president Upon entering office PresidentKennedy set out to implement a legislative agendawhich became known as the New Frontier Hehoped to increase aid to education provide healthinsurance to the elderly create a Department ofUrban Affairs and help migrant workers He

would soon find that transforming lofty ideals intoreal legislation was no easy task on Capitol Hill

Kennedy Struggles With Congress Although theDemocratic Party enjoyed large majorities in bothhouses of Congress Kennedy was unable to pushthrough many of his domestic programs Kennedy hadtrailed Nixon in many Democratic districts and hadnot helped many Democrats get elected Those whodid win therefore did not feel they owed him any-thing As one Democrat in Congress told US News ampWorld Report ldquoA good many [congressional representa-tives] were elected in 1960 in spite of his presence onthe ticket rather than because his name was thererdquo Asa result legislators found it easy to follow their owninterests rather than those of the president

In addition Republicans as well as conservativeSouthern Democratsmdashwho were responsible for hold-ing the Democratic majority in Congressmdashviewed theNew Frontier as too big and too costly Senator EverettDirksen Republican minority leader from Illinoisclaimed that Kennedyrsquos efforts to increase the powerand reach of the federal government would push thenation down an ominous path

In the end Congress defeated a number of JFKrsquosproposals including health insurance for the elderlya Department of Urban Affairs and federal aid toeducation The president often resisted calls to pushharder for his agenda He decided not to fight everybattle on Capitol Hill and preferred to reserve hisbargaining power for issues that were both trulyimportant and winnable

ECONOMICS

Strengthening the Economy Kennedy did achievesome victories in Congress particularly in his effortsto improve the nationrsquos economy The Americaneconomy which had soared through much of the1950s had slowed by the end of the decade From1960 to 1961 the growth rate of the gross nationalproduct was only 2 percent while the unemploy-ment rate hovered near 7 percent of the workforcethe second-highest figure since World War II

In an effort to increase growth and create morejobs Kennedy advocated the New Deal strategy ofdeficit spending first implemented during FranklinRooseveltrsquos presidency The new president convincedCongress to invest more funds in defense and in spaceexploration Such spending did indeed create morejobs and stimulate economic growth Reluctant to relytoo heavily on deficit spending which tends to causeinflation Kennedy also sought to boost the economyby increasing business production and efficiency In

Reading Check

The Kennedy White House Jacqueline Kennedy (center right) broughtyouthful elegance and style to the White House Why do you think the media

scrutinized the First Family so much

History

842 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-842

null

25674084

addition his administration asked businesses to holddown prices and labor leaders to hold down payincreases

Prodded by Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberglabor unions in the steel industry agreed to reducetheir demands for higher wages In 1962 howeverseveral steel companies raised prices sharply

The president threatened to have the Departmentof Defense buy cheaper steel from foreign companiesand instructed the Justice Department to investigatewhether the steel industry was guilty of price-fixingIn response to Kennedyrsquos tactics the steel companiesbacked down and cut their prices To achieve this vic-tory however the president had strained his rela-tions with the nationrsquos business community

In an effort to get the economy moving Kennedyalso adopted supply-side ideas and pushed for a cut intax rates When opponents argued that a tax cut wouldonly help the wealthy Kennedy asserted that lowertaxes meant businesses would have more money toexpand which would create new jobs and benefiteverybody ldquoA rising tide lifts all boatsrdquo Kennedyexplained as a way to illustrate how tax cuts wouldstimulate the economy and help all Americans

Congress refused to pass the tax cut because manymembers feared it would cause inflation Howeverthey did support Kennedyrsquos request to raise the mini-mum wage and his proposal for an AreaRedevelopment Act and a Housing Act These two pro-grams provided funds to poor areas They helped toclear slums create jobs and build low-income housing

Womenrsquos Rights Kennedy also helped womenmake strides during the 1960s Although Kennedynever appointed a woman to his cabinet a number ofwomen worked in prominent positions in his admin-istration including Esther Peterson assistant secre-tary of labor and director of the Womenrsquos Bureau ofthe Department of Labor

Kennedy advanced womenrsquos rights in other ways aswell In 1961 he created the Presidential Commissionon the Status of Women The commission called forfederal action against gender discrimination andaffirmed the right of women to equally paid employ-ment Kennedy responded by issuing an executiveorder ending gender discrimination in the federal civilservice and in 1963 he signed the Equal Pay Act forwomen The commission also sparked the creation ofsimilar groups on the state level and inspired manywomen to work together to further their interests

Evaluating Why did Kennedy havedifficulty getting his New Frontier legislation passed

Warren Court ReformsDuring the Kennedy years the Supreme Court also

took an active role in social issues In 1953 PresidentEisenhower had nominated Earl Warren the popularRepublican governor of California to become ChiefJustice of the United States More so than previouscourts the Warren Court took an activist stance help-ing to shape national policy by taking a forceful standon a number of key issues of the day

GOVERNMENT

ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo One of the Warren Courtrsquosmore notable decisions had a powerful impact onwho would hold political power in the United StatesThis decision concerned reapportionment or the wayin which states draw up political districts based onchanges in population By 1960 many moreAmericans resided in cities and suburbs than in ruralareas Yet many states had failed to restructure theirelectoral districts to reflect that change

In Tennessee for example a rural county with only2340 voters had 1 representative in the state assem-bly while an urban county with 133 times more votershad only 7 The vote of a city dweller counted for lessthan the vote of a rural resident Some Tennessee vot-ers took the matter to court

The Baker v Carr case reached the Supreme Courtafter a federal court ruled that the issue should be

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 843

Camelot In December 1960 Camelot a musicalstarring Richard Burton and Julie Andrews openedon Broadway in New York City The Kennedysattended the show which told the legend of theheroism of King Arthur and the Knights of the RoundTable and so enjoyed it that they listened to themusic often The presidentrsquos favorite song includedthe lines ldquoDonrsquot let it be forgot that once there was aspot for one brief shining moment that was knownas Camelotrdquo

In later years the Kennedy presidency becameknown as ldquoCamelotrdquo largely because of MrsKennedy Shortly after the presidentrsquos death in 1963she told a journalist that all she could think aboutwas the presidentrsquos favorite line She went on to sayldquoTherersquoll be great presidents again but therersquollnever be another Camelot againrdquo JournalistTheodore H White later wrote that ldquoall she couldrepeat was lsquoTell people there will never be thatCamelot againrsquordquo

AV-843

null

25543462

solved by legislation The Fourteenth Amendmentspecifically gives Congress authority to enforce vot-ing rights In 1962 the Supreme Court ruled that thefederal courts did have jurisdiction and sent the mat-ter back to the lower courts (See page 1080 for moreinformation on Baker v Carr)

Two years later in June 1964 the Supreme Courtruled in Reynolds v Sims that the current apportion-ment system in most states was indeed unconstitu-tional In a decision that helped to promote theprinciple of ldquoone man one voterdquo the Warren Courtrequired state legislatures to reapportion electoral dis-tricts so that all citizensrsquo votes would have equalweight The Courtrsquos decision was a momentous onefor it shifted political power throughout the countryfrom rural and often conservative areas to urban areaswhere more liberal voters resided The Courtrsquos decisionalso boosted the political power of African Americansand Hispanics who typically lived in cities (See page1082 for more information on Reynolds v Sims)

Extending Due Process In a series of historic rul-ings in the 1960s the US Supreme Court began touse the Fourteenth Amendment to apply the Bill ofRights to the states Originally the Bill of Rights

applied only to the federal government Many stateshad their own bill of rights but some federal rightsdid not exist at the state level The FourteenthAmendment specifically stated that ldquono stateshall deprive any person of life liberty or prop-erty without due process of lawrdquo Due process meansthat the law may not treat individuals unfairly arbi-trarily or unreasonably and that courts must followproper procedures and rules when trying cases Dueprocess ensures that all people are treated the sameby the court system In the 1960s the Supreme Courtruled in several cases that upholding due processmeant applying the federal bill of rights to the states

In 1961 the Supreme Court ruled in Mapp v Ohiothat state courts could not consider evidenceobtained in violation of the federal Constitution InGideon v Wainwright (1963) the Court ruled that adefendant in a state court had the right to a lawyerregardless of his or her ability to pay The followingyear in Escobedo v Illinois the justices ruled that a

844 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Civil Rights

Due Process

Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech

Segregation in public schools unconstitutional

Established that federal courts can hear lawsuits seeking to force state authorities to redrawelectoral districts

State legislative districts should be equal in population

Desegregation of public accommodations established inthe Civil Rights Act of 1964 is legal

States may not ban interracial marriage

Unlawfully seized evidence is inadmissible at trial

Suspects are entitled to court-appointed attorneyif unable to afford one on their own

Accused has the right to an attorney during police questioning

Police must inform suspects of their rights during thearrest process

State-mandated prayer in school banned

State-mandated Bible readings in school banned

Celebrities may sue the media for libel only in certaincircumstances

Brown v Board of Education (1954)

Baker v Carr (1962)

Reynolds v Sims (1964)

Heart of Atlanta Motel v United States (1964)

Loving v Virginia (1967)

Mapp v Ohio (1961)

Gideon v Wainwright (1963)

Escobedo v Illinois (1964)

Miranda v Arizona (1966)

Engel v Vitale (1962)

Abington School District v Schempp (1963)

New York Times v Sullivan (1964)

Major Decisions of the Warren Court 1954mdash1967

1 Interpreting Charts Analyze the effects Brown vBoard of Education and Reynolds v Sims had on thenation

2 Summarizing What three major areas of policy didthe Warren Courtrsquos decisions affect

AV-844

null

16242961

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 845

Checking for Understanding1 Define missile gap reapportionment

due process2 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren3 Summarize the progress made for

womenrsquos rights during Kennedyrsquosadministration

Reviewing Themes4 Civic Rights and Responsibilities

Name three decisions of the WarrenCourt that protected civil rights

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting In what way was the 1960

presidential election a turning point incampaign history

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list theeconomic policies of the Kennedyadministration

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Charts Study the chart of

Warren Court decisions on page 844How did the Court expand the rights ofthe accused Were these sound deci-sions Why or why not

Economic

Policies

suspect must be allowed access to a lawyer and mustbe informed of his or her right to remain silent beforebeing questioned by the police Miranda v Arizona(1966) went even further requiring that authoritiesimmediately give suspects a fourfold warning Thewarning consisted of informing suspects that theyhave the right to remain silent that anything they saycan and will be used against them in court that theyhave a right to a lawyer while being questioned andthat if they cannot afford a lawyer the court willappoint one for them Today these warnings areknown as the Miranda rights (See pages 1081ndash1082for more information on Mapp v Ohio Gideon v Wainwright

Escobedo v Illinois and Miranda v Arizona)Many citizens and police departments and even

some of the Supreme Court justices accused theWarren Court of favoring criminals Others cheeredthe decisions seeing them as promoting the rightsof all citizens even the less privileged

Prayer and Privacy The Supreme Court alsohanded down decisions that reaffirmed the separa-tion of church and state The Court applied the FirstAmendment to the states in Engel v Vitale (1962) Inthis ruling the Court decided that states could notcompose official prayers and require those prayers tobe recited in state public schools The following yearin Abington School District v Schempp it ruled againststate-mandated Bible readings in public schoolsWeighing in on another controversial issue the Courtruled in Griswold v Connecticut (1965) that prohibit-ing the sale and use of birth control devices violatedcitizensrsquo constitutional right to privacy (See pages1080ndash1081 for more information on these Supreme Court cases)

As with most rulings of the Warren Court thesedecisions delighted some and deeply disturbed others What most people did agree upon howeverwas the Courtrsquos pivotal role in shaping nationalpolicy The Warren Court wrote New York Timescolumnist Anthony Lewis ldquohas brought aboutmore social change than most Congresses and mostPresidentsrdquo

From the political arena to the legal system to peoplersquos everyday lives the Warren Court indeed leftits imprint on the nation Meanwhile away from thedomestic arena President Kennedy worked to makehis mark on the countryrsquos foreign affairs during a timeof rising Cold War tensions

Examining What was the signifi-cance of the Warren Courtrsquos ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo ruling

Reading Check

Activist Court The Warren Court poses for its official portrait in 1962with Chief Justice Earl Warren front and center

8 Expository Writing In his InauguralAddress President Kennedy asked hisfellow Americans to ldquoAsk what you cando for your countryrdquo Respond to thisstatement in an essay

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-845

null

16206386

May 1961Kennedy informs Congress ofmoon expedition goal

846 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

1962 1964

Kennedy Confronts Global Challenges The Cuban missile crisis as the standoff came to be called may have been the most

dramatic foreign policy episode Kennedy faced It was not the only one however AsKennedy entered the White House the nationrsquos dangerous rivalry with the SovietUnion continued to intensify As a result the new president had to devote much of

Like millions of other Americans in late October 1962 Tami Gold was having trouble concentrating

on anything For several tension-filled days that fall the world seemed headed for nuclear destruc-

tion US officials had discovered that the Soviet Union had placed missiles in Cubamdasha mere 90 miles

(145 km) from the shores of the United States When the Soviets refused to remove the weapons a

bitter weeklong standoff ensued in which the two superpowers hurled threats and warnings at each

other and moved to the brink of nuclear war Gold then a seventh-grade student in Long Island New

York recalled the events of one particular day

ldquoI remember I was in the bathroom of the school when they had said over the loud speaker

that everyone had to return to their homerooms immediately and get instruction from their homeroom

teacher And it was probably one of the scariest moments of my life it was like the sensation that our

country could go to war and I didnrsquot understand at all what it was about but the fact that the country

could go to war at any moment was really really present It was chilling it was scary it was really

nauseating rdquomdashquoted in Collective Memories of the Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK and the Cold War

Main IdeaAs president John F Kennedy had toconfront the challenges and fears of theCold War

Key Terms and Namesflexible response Peace Corps spacerace Berlin Wall Warren Commission

Reading StrategySequencing As you read about the crisesof the Cold War complete a time linesimilar to the one below to record themajor events of the Cold War in the late1950s and early 1960s

Reading Objectives bull Describe Kennedyrsquos plan for the armed

forcesbull Explain how the Cold War influenced

foreign aid and the space program

Section ThemeScience and Technology During theCold War the nation devoted much of itsscientific and technological resources tocompeting with the Soviet Union espe-cially in getting to the moon

Jan1959

Aug1963

1961 1963

April 1961Bay of Pigs invasion

October 1962Cuban missile crisis

September 1963Senate ratifies LimitedTest Ban Treaty

November 22 1963Kennedy assassinated

AV-846

null

11859373

his energy in foreign policy matters to guiding thenation through the deepening Cold War

Kennedy appeared ready to stand up to theSoviets Upon taking the oath of office the new pres-ident devoted much of his Inaugural Address to therole of the United States in a divided world

ldquoLet the word go forth from this time and

place that the torch has been passed to a new

generation of Americansmdashborn in this century tem-

pered by war disciplined by a hard and bitter peace

proud of our ancient heritagemdashand unwilling to wit-

ness or permit the slow undoing of those human

rights to which this nation has always been commit-

ted Let every nation know whether it wishes us

well or ill that we shall pay any price bear any bur-

den meet any hardship support any friend oppose

any foe to assure the survival and the success of

libertyrdquomdashquoted in Let the Word Go Forth

Kennedy attempted to reduce the threat of nuclearwar and to stop the spread of communism with a rangeof programs These included a conventional weaponryprogram economic aid and the Peace Corps

A More Flexible Response Kennedy took office at atime of growing global instability Nationalism wasexploding throughout the developing world and theSoviet Union actively supported ldquowars of national lib-erationrdquo Newsweek magazine wrote that the ldquogreatestsingle problem that faces John Kennedy is how tomeet the aggressive power of the Communist blocrdquo

Kennedy felt that Eisenhower had relied too heav-ily on nuclear weapons which could only be used inextreme situations To allow for a ldquoflexible responserdquoif nations needed help against Communist move-ments the president pushed for a buildup of conven-tional troops and weapons Although costly a flexibleresponse plan would allow the United States to fight alimited style of warfare

In adopting this plan Kennedy supported theSpecial Forces a small army unit created in the 1950sto wage guerrilla warfare in limited conflictsKennedy expanded it and allowed the soldiers towear their distinctive ldquoGreen Beretrdquo headgear

Aid to Other Countries One area of the world whereKennedy wanted to renew diplomatic focus was LatinAmerica Conditions in much of Latin American soci-ety were not good Governments were often in thehands of the wealthy few and many of their citizens

lived in extreme poverty In some Latin Americancountries these conditions spurred the growth of left-wing movements aimed at overthrowing their govern-ments When the United States was involved in LatinAmerica it was usually to help existing governmentsstay in power in order to prevent Communist move-ments from flourishing Poor Latin Americans resentedthis intrusion just as they resented American corpora-tions that had business operations in their countries apresence that was seen as a kind of imperialism

To improve relations between the United Statesand Latin America President Kennedy proposed anAlliance for Progress a series of cooperative aidprojects with Latin American governments Thealliance was designed to create a ldquofree and prosper-ous Latin Americardquo that would be less likely to sup-port Communist-inspired revolutions

Over a 10-year period the United States pledged$20 billion to help Latin American countries establishbetter schools housing health care and fairer landdistribution The results were mixed In some coun-triesmdashnotably Chile Colombia Venezuela and theCentral American republicsmdashthe alliance did pro-mote real reform In others governing rulers used themoney to keep themselves in power

The Peace Corps Another program aimed at helpingless developed nations fight poverty was the PeaceCorps an organization that sent young Americans toperform humanitarian services in these countries

After rigorous training volunteers spent twoyears in countries that had requested assistanceThey laid out sewage systems in Bolivia and trainedmedical technicians in Chad Others taught English orhelped to build roads By late 1963 thousands of PeaceCorps volunteers were serving in over 30 countriesToday the Peace Corps is still active and remains oneof Kennedyrsquos most enduring legacies

TECHNOLOGY

The Cold War Moves IntoSpace President Kennedysought to increase the coun-tryrsquos presence not onlyaround the world but also inspace With Cold War ten-sions continuing to rise theUnited States and the SovietUnion engaged in a spaceracemdashvying for dominanceof the heavens to enhancetheir competitive positionson Earth

Student WebActivity Visit theAmerican Vision Website at tavglencoecomand click on StudentWeb ActivitiesmdashChapter 28 for anactivity on the NewFrontier

HISTORY

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 847

AV-847

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30825934

848 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Space ProgramThe space program expanded significantly

when President Kennedy announced his deter-

mination to beat the Soviets to the moon By

the time Neil Armstrong and Edwin (ldquoBuzzrdquo)

Aldrin walked on the moon in 1969 the

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) had spent over

$33 billion Since that time NASA expendi-

tures have affected far more than space

missions NASA research findings have

advanced knowledge of the nature of the

universe and people have applied them

to many technical fields and manufac-

turing processes

Moon boot material developed for

the space program is used

in many running shoes It has

improved shock absorption and

provides superior stability and

motion control

Kennedy was determined that the first humans toreach the moon would be Americans not RussiansIn 1961 he recommended to Congress that ldquothisnation should commit itself to achieving the goalbefore this decade is out of landing a man on themoonrdquo Kennedyrsquos dream was realized in July 1969during Richard Nixonrsquos first administration whenastronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person toset foot on the moon

Examining What global challengesdid Kennedy face during his presidency

Crises of the Cold WarPresident Kennedyrsquos efforts to combat Communist

influence in other countries led to some of the mostintense crises of the Cold War At times these crisesleft Americans and people in many other nationswondering whether the world would survive

The Bay of Pigs The first crisis occurred in Cubaonly 90 miles (145 km) from American shoresThere Fidel Castro had overthrown the corruptCuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 Almost

immediately Castro established ties with the SovietUnion instituted drastic land reforms and seizedforeign-owned businesses many of them AmericanCubarsquos alliance with the Soviets worried manyAmericans The Communists were now too close forcomfort and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev wasalso expressing his intent to strengthen Cuba militarily

Fearing that the Soviets would use Cuba as abase from which to spread revolution throughoutthe Western Hemisphere President Eisenhowerhad authorized the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) to secretly train and arm Cuban exilesknown as La Brigada to invade the island Theinvasion was intended to touch off a popular upris-ing against Castro

When Kennedy became president his advisersapproved the plan In office fewer than threemonths and trusting his experts Kennedy agreedto the operation with some changes On April 171961 1400 armed Cuban exiles landed at the Bayof Pigs on the south coast of Cuba The invasionwas a disaster La Brigadarsquos boats ran aground oncoral reefs Kennedy cancelled their air support tokeep United States involvement a secret and the

Reading Check

AV-848

null

14403761

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 849

A communications satellite now in develop-

ment will provide better telephone television and

data service between western Europe the Americas

and Africa Another communications satellite has improved

ship-to-shore communications which used to be interrupted

frequently by bad weather

Increased Safety Remote-controlled robots reduce human

injury levels because they can perform

hazardous tasks men and women used

to carry out Robots can also perform

operations no human being ever could

such as volcano research on the Puna

Ridge of Kilauea Hawaii

Assistance for People With DisabilitiesThe NASA tele-operator and robot technology was used to develop a voice-

controlled wheelchair and manipulator Using a minicomputer the wheel-

chair responds to 35 single-word voice commands helping physically

challenged people perform tasks like picking up packages opening

doors and turning on appliances

expected popular uprising never happened Withintwo days Castrorsquos forces killed or captured almostall the members of La Brigada

The Bay of Pigs was a dark moment for theKennedy administration The action exposed anAmerican plot to overthrow a neighborrsquos govern-ment and the outcome made the United States lookweak and disorganized

The Berlin Wall Goes Up Still reeling from the Bayof Pigs fiasco Kennedy faced another foreign policychallenge beginning in June 1961 when he met withKhrushchev in Vienna Austria The Soviet leaderwas determined to test the resolve of the young pres-ident Khrushchev also wanted to stop the flood ofGermans pouring out of Communist East Germanyinto West Berlin He demanded that the Westernpowers recognize East Germany and that the UnitedStates Great Britain and France withdraw fromBerlin a city lying completely within East GermanyKennedy refused and reaffirmed the Westrsquos commit-ment to West Berlin

Khrushchev retaliated by building a wall throughBerlin blocking movement between the Soviet sector

and the rest of the city Guards posted along the wallshot at many of those attempting to escape from theEast For nearly 30 years afterward the Berlin Wallstood as a visible symbol of the Cold War divisionbetween East and West

The Cuban Missile Crisis By far the most terrifyingcrisis of the Kennedy era occurred the next year Onceagain the crisis dealt with Cuba Over the summer of1962 American intelligence agencies learned thatSoviet technicians and equipment had arrived in Cubaand that military construction was in progress Thenon October 22 President Kennedy announced on tele-vision that American spy planes had taken aerial pho-tographs showing that the Soviet Union had placedlong-range missiles in Cuba Enemy missiles stationedso close to the United States posed a dangerous threat

Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop theSoviets from delivering more missiles demanded thatthey dismantle existing missile sites and warned thatif any weapons were launched against the UnitedStates he would respond fully against the SovietUnion Still work on the missile sites continuedNuclear holocaust seemed imminent

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Then after a flurry of secret negotiations theSoviet Union offered a deal It would remove the mis-siles if the United States promised not to invadeCuba and to remove its missiles from Turkey near theSoviet border As American officials considered theoffer letters and cables flew between the two leadersand their chief advisers

The reality was that neither Kennedy norKhrushchev wanted nuclear war ldquoOnly lunatics who themselves want to perish and before they diedestroy the world could do thisrdquo wrote the Sovietleader Still the dangerous standoff persisted OnOctober 28 the leaders reached an agreementKennedy publicly agreed not to invade Cuba and pri-vately agreed to remove the Turkish missiles theSoviets agreed to remove their missiles from CubaThe world could breathe again

The Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis TheCuban missile crisis brought the world closer tonuclear war than at any time since World War IIBoth the United States and the Soviet Union hadbeen forced to consider the consequences of such awar In the following months each country seemedready to work to lessen world tensions In August1963 the United States and the Soviet Union con-cluded years of negotiation by agreeing to a treatyto ban the testing of nuclear weapons in the

atmospheremdashthe first step toward mutual armsreduction since the beginning of the Cold War

In the long run however the missile crisis hadominous consequences The humiliating retreat theUnited States forced upon the Soviet leadershipundermined the position of Nikita Khrushchev andcontributed to his fall from power a year later Thenew leadership was less interested in reaching agree-ments with the West Perhaps more important thecrisis gave the Soviets evidence of their military infe-riority and helped produce a dramatic Soviet armsbuildup over the next two decades This buildup con-tributed to a comparable military increase in theUnited States in the early 1980s For a time the armsrace undermined American support for negotiatingwith the Soviets

Summarizing How was the Cubanmissile crisis resolved

The Death of a PresidentSoon after the Senate ratified the test ban treaty

John F Kennedyrsquos presidency came to a shocking andtragic end On November 22 1963 Kennedy and hiswife traveled to Texas with Vice President LyndonJohnson for a series of political appearances As thepresidential motorcade rode slowly through the

Reading Check

Cold War Peak Fears of communism peaked during theCuban missile crisis Routine reconnaissance flights over Cubarevealed the construction of missile sites fueling facilities andlaunch pads What steps did Kennedy take to deal with the

crisis

History

AV-850

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16906535

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-851

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12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-852

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1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

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1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

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11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

null

2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

null

24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

null

14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

null

13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 6: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

television lighting One Republican leader even won-dered if the Democrats had supplied Nixonrsquos makeup

With that debate the era of television politics hadbegun Though television had been used in cam-paigns as early as 1948 it was not until the 1960 elec-tion that a large majority of voters used the mediumas a voting tool The nation itself seemed on the brinkof a new age Having lived through a decade ofunprecedented prosperity and the onset of the ColdWar and the atomic age Americans looked to thefuture with excitement and anxiety

Both candidates shared the desire to lead thenation through the challenges of a new decade butthey differed in many ways Kennedy a Catholiccame from a wealthy and influential Massachusettsfamily Nixon a Quaker was a Californian from afinancially struggling family Kennedy seemed out-going and relaxed while Nixon struck many as for-mal and even stiff in manner

A New Kind of Campaign Compared to earlier cam-paigns the 1960 presidential race made new use of tel-evision with both major parties spending substantialamounts of money on television ads The Democratsspent over $6 million in television and radio spotswhile the Republicans spent more than $75 million

Not everyone was happy with this new emphasison image Television news commentator Eric Sevareidcomplained that the candidates had become ldquopack-aged productsrdquo and he stated that ldquothe ProcessedPolitician has finally arrivedrdquo

The Main Issues The campaign centered on theeconomy and the Cold War Although the candidatespresented different styles they differed little on thesetwo issues Both promised to boost the economy andboth portrayed themselves as ldquoCold Warriorsrdquo deter-mined to stop the forces of communism

Kennedy argued that the nation faced seriousthreats from the Soviets In Cuba Fidel Castro was allying himself with the Soviet Union At home manypeople lived in fear of a Soviet nuclear attack Kennedy voiced his concern about a suspectedldquomissile gaprdquo in which the United States laggedbehind the Soviets in weaponry (Decades laterAmericans learned that in fact the only area where theSoviet Union was briefly ahead was in rocketry) Thenation Kennedy argued had grown complacent andaimless ldquoIt is time to get this country moving againrdquo

Nixon countered that the United States was on theright track under the current administration ldquoIrsquomtired of hearing our opponents downgrade theUnited Statesrdquo the vice president said Nixon also

warned that the Democratsrsquo fiscal policies wouldboost inflation and that only he had the necessaryforeign policy experience to guide the nation

Kennedy came under scrutiny about his religionThe United States had never had a Catholic presidentand many Protestants had concerns about KennedyKennedy decided to confront this issue openly in aspeech ldquoI believe in an America where the separationof the church and state is absoluterdquo he said ldquowhereno Catholic prelate would tell the president shouldhe be a Catholic how to actrdquo

The four televised debates strongly influenced theoutcome of the election one of the closest inAmerican history Kennedy won the popular vote by119000 out of 68 million votes cast and the ElectoralCollege by 303 votes to 219 In several states only afew thousand votes could have swung the ElectoralCollege numbers the other way

Identifying What were two mainissues of the 1960 presidential election

The Kennedy MystiqueDespite his narrow victory John F Kennedy com-

monly referred to as JFK captured the imagination ofthe American public as few presidents before himhad During the campaign many had been takenwith Kennedyrsquos youth and optimism The new presi-dent strongly reinforced this impression when hegave his Inaugural Address

Inauguration Day January 20 1961 was crisp andcold in Washington DC At the site of the ceremonya crowd gathered wrapped in coats and blankets AsKennedy rose to take the oath of office he wore nei-ther a coat nor a hat During his speech the new pres-ident declared ldquoThe torch has been passed to a newgenerationrdquo and he called on his fellow citizens totake a more active role in making the United States abetter place ldquoMy fellow Americansrdquo he exclaimedldquoask not what your country can do for youmdashaskwhat you can do for your countryrdquo

Kennedy his wife Jacqueline their childrenCaroline and John and their large extended familyseemed to have been created for media coverageReporters followed the family everywhere

Reading Check

Kennedy tie clasp (left) and Nixon pendantfrom 1960 presidential campaign

AV-841

null

31442484

Kennedy himself was a master of the media particu-larly television He was the first to broadcast his pressconferences live on television

The Kennedy charisma inspired many of his staffmembers His press secretary Pierre Salinger put thisfeeling into words

ldquoNone of us will ever have a better job as long as

we live The big plusmdashthe fringe benefit that

made it all worthwhilemdashwas JFK himself Our

faith in him and in what he was trying to do was

absolute and he could impart to our work together a

sense of challenge and adventuremdasha feeling that he

was moving and the world with him toward a better

timerdquomdashquoted in With Kennedy

Summarizing In what ways didJohn F Kennedy inspire the nation

Success and Setback on theDomestic Front

Not everyone in the nation fell for the Kennedymystique His high culture elite Northeastupbringing and Catholicism irritated someAmericans Congress also was less than taken withthe new president Upon entering office PresidentKennedy set out to implement a legislative agendawhich became known as the New Frontier Hehoped to increase aid to education provide healthinsurance to the elderly create a Department ofUrban Affairs and help migrant workers He

would soon find that transforming lofty ideals intoreal legislation was no easy task on Capitol Hill

Kennedy Struggles With Congress Although theDemocratic Party enjoyed large majorities in bothhouses of Congress Kennedy was unable to pushthrough many of his domestic programs Kennedy hadtrailed Nixon in many Democratic districts and hadnot helped many Democrats get elected Those whodid win therefore did not feel they owed him any-thing As one Democrat in Congress told US News ampWorld Report ldquoA good many [congressional representa-tives] were elected in 1960 in spite of his presence onthe ticket rather than because his name was thererdquo Asa result legislators found it easy to follow their owninterests rather than those of the president

In addition Republicans as well as conservativeSouthern Democratsmdashwho were responsible for hold-ing the Democratic majority in Congressmdashviewed theNew Frontier as too big and too costly Senator EverettDirksen Republican minority leader from Illinoisclaimed that Kennedyrsquos efforts to increase the powerand reach of the federal government would push thenation down an ominous path

In the end Congress defeated a number of JFKrsquosproposals including health insurance for the elderlya Department of Urban Affairs and federal aid toeducation The president often resisted calls to pushharder for his agenda He decided not to fight everybattle on Capitol Hill and preferred to reserve hisbargaining power for issues that were both trulyimportant and winnable

ECONOMICS

Strengthening the Economy Kennedy did achievesome victories in Congress particularly in his effortsto improve the nationrsquos economy The Americaneconomy which had soared through much of the1950s had slowed by the end of the decade From1960 to 1961 the growth rate of the gross nationalproduct was only 2 percent while the unemploy-ment rate hovered near 7 percent of the workforcethe second-highest figure since World War II

In an effort to increase growth and create morejobs Kennedy advocated the New Deal strategy ofdeficit spending first implemented during FranklinRooseveltrsquos presidency The new president convincedCongress to invest more funds in defense and in spaceexploration Such spending did indeed create morejobs and stimulate economic growth Reluctant to relytoo heavily on deficit spending which tends to causeinflation Kennedy also sought to boost the economyby increasing business production and efficiency In

Reading Check

The Kennedy White House Jacqueline Kennedy (center right) broughtyouthful elegance and style to the White House Why do you think the media

scrutinized the First Family so much

History

842 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-842

null

25674084

addition his administration asked businesses to holddown prices and labor leaders to hold down payincreases

Prodded by Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberglabor unions in the steel industry agreed to reducetheir demands for higher wages In 1962 howeverseveral steel companies raised prices sharply

The president threatened to have the Departmentof Defense buy cheaper steel from foreign companiesand instructed the Justice Department to investigatewhether the steel industry was guilty of price-fixingIn response to Kennedyrsquos tactics the steel companiesbacked down and cut their prices To achieve this vic-tory however the president had strained his rela-tions with the nationrsquos business community

In an effort to get the economy moving Kennedyalso adopted supply-side ideas and pushed for a cut intax rates When opponents argued that a tax cut wouldonly help the wealthy Kennedy asserted that lowertaxes meant businesses would have more money toexpand which would create new jobs and benefiteverybody ldquoA rising tide lifts all boatsrdquo Kennedyexplained as a way to illustrate how tax cuts wouldstimulate the economy and help all Americans

Congress refused to pass the tax cut because manymembers feared it would cause inflation Howeverthey did support Kennedyrsquos request to raise the mini-mum wage and his proposal for an AreaRedevelopment Act and a Housing Act These two pro-grams provided funds to poor areas They helped toclear slums create jobs and build low-income housing

Womenrsquos Rights Kennedy also helped womenmake strides during the 1960s Although Kennedynever appointed a woman to his cabinet a number ofwomen worked in prominent positions in his admin-istration including Esther Peterson assistant secre-tary of labor and director of the Womenrsquos Bureau ofthe Department of Labor

Kennedy advanced womenrsquos rights in other ways aswell In 1961 he created the Presidential Commissionon the Status of Women The commission called forfederal action against gender discrimination andaffirmed the right of women to equally paid employ-ment Kennedy responded by issuing an executiveorder ending gender discrimination in the federal civilservice and in 1963 he signed the Equal Pay Act forwomen The commission also sparked the creation ofsimilar groups on the state level and inspired manywomen to work together to further their interests

Evaluating Why did Kennedy havedifficulty getting his New Frontier legislation passed

Warren Court ReformsDuring the Kennedy years the Supreme Court also

took an active role in social issues In 1953 PresidentEisenhower had nominated Earl Warren the popularRepublican governor of California to become ChiefJustice of the United States More so than previouscourts the Warren Court took an activist stance help-ing to shape national policy by taking a forceful standon a number of key issues of the day

GOVERNMENT

ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo One of the Warren Courtrsquosmore notable decisions had a powerful impact onwho would hold political power in the United StatesThis decision concerned reapportionment or the wayin which states draw up political districts based onchanges in population By 1960 many moreAmericans resided in cities and suburbs than in ruralareas Yet many states had failed to restructure theirelectoral districts to reflect that change

In Tennessee for example a rural county with only2340 voters had 1 representative in the state assem-bly while an urban county with 133 times more votershad only 7 The vote of a city dweller counted for lessthan the vote of a rural resident Some Tennessee vot-ers took the matter to court

The Baker v Carr case reached the Supreme Courtafter a federal court ruled that the issue should be

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 843

Camelot In December 1960 Camelot a musicalstarring Richard Burton and Julie Andrews openedon Broadway in New York City The Kennedysattended the show which told the legend of theheroism of King Arthur and the Knights of the RoundTable and so enjoyed it that they listened to themusic often The presidentrsquos favorite song includedthe lines ldquoDonrsquot let it be forgot that once there was aspot for one brief shining moment that was knownas Camelotrdquo

In later years the Kennedy presidency becameknown as ldquoCamelotrdquo largely because of MrsKennedy Shortly after the presidentrsquos death in 1963she told a journalist that all she could think aboutwas the presidentrsquos favorite line She went on to sayldquoTherersquoll be great presidents again but therersquollnever be another Camelot againrdquo JournalistTheodore H White later wrote that ldquoall she couldrepeat was lsquoTell people there will never be thatCamelot againrsquordquo

AV-843

null

25543462

solved by legislation The Fourteenth Amendmentspecifically gives Congress authority to enforce vot-ing rights In 1962 the Supreme Court ruled that thefederal courts did have jurisdiction and sent the mat-ter back to the lower courts (See page 1080 for moreinformation on Baker v Carr)

Two years later in June 1964 the Supreme Courtruled in Reynolds v Sims that the current apportion-ment system in most states was indeed unconstitu-tional In a decision that helped to promote theprinciple of ldquoone man one voterdquo the Warren Courtrequired state legislatures to reapportion electoral dis-tricts so that all citizensrsquo votes would have equalweight The Courtrsquos decision was a momentous onefor it shifted political power throughout the countryfrom rural and often conservative areas to urban areaswhere more liberal voters resided The Courtrsquos decisionalso boosted the political power of African Americansand Hispanics who typically lived in cities (See page1082 for more information on Reynolds v Sims)

Extending Due Process In a series of historic rul-ings in the 1960s the US Supreme Court began touse the Fourteenth Amendment to apply the Bill ofRights to the states Originally the Bill of Rights

applied only to the federal government Many stateshad their own bill of rights but some federal rightsdid not exist at the state level The FourteenthAmendment specifically stated that ldquono stateshall deprive any person of life liberty or prop-erty without due process of lawrdquo Due process meansthat the law may not treat individuals unfairly arbi-trarily or unreasonably and that courts must followproper procedures and rules when trying cases Dueprocess ensures that all people are treated the sameby the court system In the 1960s the Supreme Courtruled in several cases that upholding due processmeant applying the federal bill of rights to the states

In 1961 the Supreme Court ruled in Mapp v Ohiothat state courts could not consider evidenceobtained in violation of the federal Constitution InGideon v Wainwright (1963) the Court ruled that adefendant in a state court had the right to a lawyerregardless of his or her ability to pay The followingyear in Escobedo v Illinois the justices ruled that a

844 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Civil Rights

Due Process

Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech

Segregation in public schools unconstitutional

Established that federal courts can hear lawsuits seeking to force state authorities to redrawelectoral districts

State legislative districts should be equal in population

Desegregation of public accommodations established inthe Civil Rights Act of 1964 is legal

States may not ban interracial marriage

Unlawfully seized evidence is inadmissible at trial

Suspects are entitled to court-appointed attorneyif unable to afford one on their own

Accused has the right to an attorney during police questioning

Police must inform suspects of their rights during thearrest process

State-mandated prayer in school banned

State-mandated Bible readings in school banned

Celebrities may sue the media for libel only in certaincircumstances

Brown v Board of Education (1954)

Baker v Carr (1962)

Reynolds v Sims (1964)

Heart of Atlanta Motel v United States (1964)

Loving v Virginia (1967)

Mapp v Ohio (1961)

Gideon v Wainwright (1963)

Escobedo v Illinois (1964)

Miranda v Arizona (1966)

Engel v Vitale (1962)

Abington School District v Schempp (1963)

New York Times v Sullivan (1964)

Major Decisions of the Warren Court 1954mdash1967

1 Interpreting Charts Analyze the effects Brown vBoard of Education and Reynolds v Sims had on thenation

2 Summarizing What three major areas of policy didthe Warren Courtrsquos decisions affect

AV-844

null

16242961

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 845

Checking for Understanding1 Define missile gap reapportionment

due process2 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren3 Summarize the progress made for

womenrsquos rights during Kennedyrsquosadministration

Reviewing Themes4 Civic Rights and Responsibilities

Name three decisions of the WarrenCourt that protected civil rights

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting In what way was the 1960

presidential election a turning point incampaign history

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list theeconomic policies of the Kennedyadministration

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Charts Study the chart of

Warren Court decisions on page 844How did the Court expand the rights ofthe accused Were these sound deci-sions Why or why not

Economic

Policies

suspect must be allowed access to a lawyer and mustbe informed of his or her right to remain silent beforebeing questioned by the police Miranda v Arizona(1966) went even further requiring that authoritiesimmediately give suspects a fourfold warning Thewarning consisted of informing suspects that theyhave the right to remain silent that anything they saycan and will be used against them in court that theyhave a right to a lawyer while being questioned andthat if they cannot afford a lawyer the court willappoint one for them Today these warnings areknown as the Miranda rights (See pages 1081ndash1082for more information on Mapp v Ohio Gideon v Wainwright

Escobedo v Illinois and Miranda v Arizona)Many citizens and police departments and even

some of the Supreme Court justices accused theWarren Court of favoring criminals Others cheeredthe decisions seeing them as promoting the rightsof all citizens even the less privileged

Prayer and Privacy The Supreme Court alsohanded down decisions that reaffirmed the separa-tion of church and state The Court applied the FirstAmendment to the states in Engel v Vitale (1962) Inthis ruling the Court decided that states could notcompose official prayers and require those prayers tobe recited in state public schools The following yearin Abington School District v Schempp it ruled againststate-mandated Bible readings in public schoolsWeighing in on another controversial issue the Courtruled in Griswold v Connecticut (1965) that prohibit-ing the sale and use of birth control devices violatedcitizensrsquo constitutional right to privacy (See pages1080ndash1081 for more information on these Supreme Court cases)

As with most rulings of the Warren Court thesedecisions delighted some and deeply disturbed others What most people did agree upon howeverwas the Courtrsquos pivotal role in shaping nationalpolicy The Warren Court wrote New York Timescolumnist Anthony Lewis ldquohas brought aboutmore social change than most Congresses and mostPresidentsrdquo

From the political arena to the legal system to peoplersquos everyday lives the Warren Court indeed leftits imprint on the nation Meanwhile away from thedomestic arena President Kennedy worked to makehis mark on the countryrsquos foreign affairs during a timeof rising Cold War tensions

Examining What was the signifi-cance of the Warren Courtrsquos ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo ruling

Reading Check

Activist Court The Warren Court poses for its official portrait in 1962with Chief Justice Earl Warren front and center

8 Expository Writing In his InauguralAddress President Kennedy asked hisfellow Americans to ldquoAsk what you cando for your countryrdquo Respond to thisstatement in an essay

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-845

null

16206386

May 1961Kennedy informs Congress ofmoon expedition goal

846 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

1962 1964

Kennedy Confronts Global Challenges The Cuban missile crisis as the standoff came to be called may have been the most

dramatic foreign policy episode Kennedy faced It was not the only one however AsKennedy entered the White House the nationrsquos dangerous rivalry with the SovietUnion continued to intensify As a result the new president had to devote much of

Like millions of other Americans in late October 1962 Tami Gold was having trouble concentrating

on anything For several tension-filled days that fall the world seemed headed for nuclear destruc-

tion US officials had discovered that the Soviet Union had placed missiles in Cubamdasha mere 90 miles

(145 km) from the shores of the United States When the Soviets refused to remove the weapons a

bitter weeklong standoff ensued in which the two superpowers hurled threats and warnings at each

other and moved to the brink of nuclear war Gold then a seventh-grade student in Long Island New

York recalled the events of one particular day

ldquoI remember I was in the bathroom of the school when they had said over the loud speaker

that everyone had to return to their homerooms immediately and get instruction from their homeroom

teacher And it was probably one of the scariest moments of my life it was like the sensation that our

country could go to war and I didnrsquot understand at all what it was about but the fact that the country

could go to war at any moment was really really present It was chilling it was scary it was really

nauseating rdquomdashquoted in Collective Memories of the Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK and the Cold War

Main IdeaAs president John F Kennedy had toconfront the challenges and fears of theCold War

Key Terms and Namesflexible response Peace Corps spacerace Berlin Wall Warren Commission

Reading StrategySequencing As you read about the crisesof the Cold War complete a time linesimilar to the one below to record themajor events of the Cold War in the late1950s and early 1960s

Reading Objectives bull Describe Kennedyrsquos plan for the armed

forcesbull Explain how the Cold War influenced

foreign aid and the space program

Section ThemeScience and Technology During theCold War the nation devoted much of itsscientific and technological resources tocompeting with the Soviet Union espe-cially in getting to the moon

Jan1959

Aug1963

1961 1963

April 1961Bay of Pigs invasion

October 1962Cuban missile crisis

September 1963Senate ratifies LimitedTest Ban Treaty

November 22 1963Kennedy assassinated

AV-846

null

11859373

his energy in foreign policy matters to guiding thenation through the deepening Cold War

Kennedy appeared ready to stand up to theSoviets Upon taking the oath of office the new pres-ident devoted much of his Inaugural Address to therole of the United States in a divided world

ldquoLet the word go forth from this time and

place that the torch has been passed to a new

generation of Americansmdashborn in this century tem-

pered by war disciplined by a hard and bitter peace

proud of our ancient heritagemdashand unwilling to wit-

ness or permit the slow undoing of those human

rights to which this nation has always been commit-

ted Let every nation know whether it wishes us

well or ill that we shall pay any price bear any bur-

den meet any hardship support any friend oppose

any foe to assure the survival and the success of

libertyrdquomdashquoted in Let the Word Go Forth

Kennedy attempted to reduce the threat of nuclearwar and to stop the spread of communism with a rangeof programs These included a conventional weaponryprogram economic aid and the Peace Corps

A More Flexible Response Kennedy took office at atime of growing global instability Nationalism wasexploding throughout the developing world and theSoviet Union actively supported ldquowars of national lib-erationrdquo Newsweek magazine wrote that the ldquogreatestsingle problem that faces John Kennedy is how tomeet the aggressive power of the Communist blocrdquo

Kennedy felt that Eisenhower had relied too heav-ily on nuclear weapons which could only be used inextreme situations To allow for a ldquoflexible responserdquoif nations needed help against Communist move-ments the president pushed for a buildup of conven-tional troops and weapons Although costly a flexibleresponse plan would allow the United States to fight alimited style of warfare

In adopting this plan Kennedy supported theSpecial Forces a small army unit created in the 1950sto wage guerrilla warfare in limited conflictsKennedy expanded it and allowed the soldiers towear their distinctive ldquoGreen Beretrdquo headgear

Aid to Other Countries One area of the world whereKennedy wanted to renew diplomatic focus was LatinAmerica Conditions in much of Latin American soci-ety were not good Governments were often in thehands of the wealthy few and many of their citizens

lived in extreme poverty In some Latin Americancountries these conditions spurred the growth of left-wing movements aimed at overthrowing their govern-ments When the United States was involved in LatinAmerica it was usually to help existing governmentsstay in power in order to prevent Communist move-ments from flourishing Poor Latin Americans resentedthis intrusion just as they resented American corpora-tions that had business operations in their countries apresence that was seen as a kind of imperialism

To improve relations between the United Statesand Latin America President Kennedy proposed anAlliance for Progress a series of cooperative aidprojects with Latin American governments Thealliance was designed to create a ldquofree and prosper-ous Latin Americardquo that would be less likely to sup-port Communist-inspired revolutions

Over a 10-year period the United States pledged$20 billion to help Latin American countries establishbetter schools housing health care and fairer landdistribution The results were mixed In some coun-triesmdashnotably Chile Colombia Venezuela and theCentral American republicsmdashthe alliance did pro-mote real reform In others governing rulers used themoney to keep themselves in power

The Peace Corps Another program aimed at helpingless developed nations fight poverty was the PeaceCorps an organization that sent young Americans toperform humanitarian services in these countries

After rigorous training volunteers spent twoyears in countries that had requested assistanceThey laid out sewage systems in Bolivia and trainedmedical technicians in Chad Others taught English orhelped to build roads By late 1963 thousands of PeaceCorps volunteers were serving in over 30 countriesToday the Peace Corps is still active and remains oneof Kennedyrsquos most enduring legacies

TECHNOLOGY

The Cold War Moves IntoSpace President Kennedysought to increase the coun-tryrsquos presence not onlyaround the world but also inspace With Cold War ten-sions continuing to rise theUnited States and the SovietUnion engaged in a spaceracemdashvying for dominanceof the heavens to enhancetheir competitive positionson Earth

Student WebActivity Visit theAmerican Vision Website at tavglencoecomand click on StudentWeb ActivitiesmdashChapter 28 for anactivity on the NewFrontier

HISTORY

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 847

AV-847

null

30825934

848 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Space ProgramThe space program expanded significantly

when President Kennedy announced his deter-

mination to beat the Soviets to the moon By

the time Neil Armstrong and Edwin (ldquoBuzzrdquo)

Aldrin walked on the moon in 1969 the

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) had spent over

$33 billion Since that time NASA expendi-

tures have affected far more than space

missions NASA research findings have

advanced knowledge of the nature of the

universe and people have applied them

to many technical fields and manufac-

turing processes

Moon boot material developed for

the space program is used

in many running shoes It has

improved shock absorption and

provides superior stability and

motion control

Kennedy was determined that the first humans toreach the moon would be Americans not RussiansIn 1961 he recommended to Congress that ldquothisnation should commit itself to achieving the goalbefore this decade is out of landing a man on themoonrdquo Kennedyrsquos dream was realized in July 1969during Richard Nixonrsquos first administration whenastronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person toset foot on the moon

Examining What global challengesdid Kennedy face during his presidency

Crises of the Cold WarPresident Kennedyrsquos efforts to combat Communist

influence in other countries led to some of the mostintense crises of the Cold War At times these crisesleft Americans and people in many other nationswondering whether the world would survive

The Bay of Pigs The first crisis occurred in Cubaonly 90 miles (145 km) from American shoresThere Fidel Castro had overthrown the corruptCuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 Almost

immediately Castro established ties with the SovietUnion instituted drastic land reforms and seizedforeign-owned businesses many of them AmericanCubarsquos alliance with the Soviets worried manyAmericans The Communists were now too close forcomfort and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev wasalso expressing his intent to strengthen Cuba militarily

Fearing that the Soviets would use Cuba as abase from which to spread revolution throughoutthe Western Hemisphere President Eisenhowerhad authorized the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) to secretly train and arm Cuban exilesknown as La Brigada to invade the island Theinvasion was intended to touch off a popular upris-ing against Castro

When Kennedy became president his advisersapproved the plan In office fewer than threemonths and trusting his experts Kennedy agreedto the operation with some changes On April 171961 1400 armed Cuban exiles landed at the Bayof Pigs on the south coast of Cuba The invasionwas a disaster La Brigadarsquos boats ran aground oncoral reefs Kennedy cancelled their air support tokeep United States involvement a secret and the

Reading Check

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14403761

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 849

A communications satellite now in develop-

ment will provide better telephone television and

data service between western Europe the Americas

and Africa Another communications satellite has improved

ship-to-shore communications which used to be interrupted

frequently by bad weather

Increased Safety Remote-controlled robots reduce human

injury levels because they can perform

hazardous tasks men and women used

to carry out Robots can also perform

operations no human being ever could

such as volcano research on the Puna

Ridge of Kilauea Hawaii

Assistance for People With DisabilitiesThe NASA tele-operator and robot technology was used to develop a voice-

controlled wheelchair and manipulator Using a minicomputer the wheel-

chair responds to 35 single-word voice commands helping physically

challenged people perform tasks like picking up packages opening

doors and turning on appliances

expected popular uprising never happened Withintwo days Castrorsquos forces killed or captured almostall the members of La Brigada

The Bay of Pigs was a dark moment for theKennedy administration The action exposed anAmerican plot to overthrow a neighborrsquos govern-ment and the outcome made the United States lookweak and disorganized

The Berlin Wall Goes Up Still reeling from the Bayof Pigs fiasco Kennedy faced another foreign policychallenge beginning in June 1961 when he met withKhrushchev in Vienna Austria The Soviet leaderwas determined to test the resolve of the young pres-ident Khrushchev also wanted to stop the flood ofGermans pouring out of Communist East Germanyinto West Berlin He demanded that the Westernpowers recognize East Germany and that the UnitedStates Great Britain and France withdraw fromBerlin a city lying completely within East GermanyKennedy refused and reaffirmed the Westrsquos commit-ment to West Berlin

Khrushchev retaliated by building a wall throughBerlin blocking movement between the Soviet sector

and the rest of the city Guards posted along the wallshot at many of those attempting to escape from theEast For nearly 30 years afterward the Berlin Wallstood as a visible symbol of the Cold War divisionbetween East and West

The Cuban Missile Crisis By far the most terrifyingcrisis of the Kennedy era occurred the next year Onceagain the crisis dealt with Cuba Over the summer of1962 American intelligence agencies learned thatSoviet technicians and equipment had arrived in Cubaand that military construction was in progress Thenon October 22 President Kennedy announced on tele-vision that American spy planes had taken aerial pho-tographs showing that the Soviet Union had placedlong-range missiles in Cuba Enemy missiles stationedso close to the United States posed a dangerous threat

Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop theSoviets from delivering more missiles demanded thatthey dismantle existing missile sites and warned thatif any weapons were launched against the UnitedStates he would respond fully against the SovietUnion Still work on the missile sites continuedNuclear holocaust seemed imminent

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15401736

Then after a flurry of secret negotiations theSoviet Union offered a deal It would remove the mis-siles if the United States promised not to invadeCuba and to remove its missiles from Turkey near theSoviet border As American officials considered theoffer letters and cables flew between the two leadersand their chief advisers

The reality was that neither Kennedy norKhrushchev wanted nuclear war ldquoOnly lunatics who themselves want to perish and before they diedestroy the world could do thisrdquo wrote the Sovietleader Still the dangerous standoff persisted OnOctober 28 the leaders reached an agreementKennedy publicly agreed not to invade Cuba and pri-vately agreed to remove the Turkish missiles theSoviets agreed to remove their missiles from CubaThe world could breathe again

The Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis TheCuban missile crisis brought the world closer tonuclear war than at any time since World War IIBoth the United States and the Soviet Union hadbeen forced to consider the consequences of such awar In the following months each country seemedready to work to lessen world tensions In August1963 the United States and the Soviet Union con-cluded years of negotiation by agreeing to a treatyto ban the testing of nuclear weapons in the

atmospheremdashthe first step toward mutual armsreduction since the beginning of the Cold War

In the long run however the missile crisis hadominous consequences The humiliating retreat theUnited States forced upon the Soviet leadershipundermined the position of Nikita Khrushchev andcontributed to his fall from power a year later Thenew leadership was less interested in reaching agree-ments with the West Perhaps more important thecrisis gave the Soviets evidence of their military infe-riority and helped produce a dramatic Soviet armsbuildup over the next two decades This buildup con-tributed to a comparable military increase in theUnited States in the early 1980s For a time the armsrace undermined American support for negotiatingwith the Soviets

Summarizing How was the Cubanmissile crisis resolved

The Death of a PresidentSoon after the Senate ratified the test ban treaty

John F Kennedyrsquos presidency came to a shocking andtragic end On November 22 1963 Kennedy and hiswife traveled to Texas with Vice President LyndonJohnson for a series of political appearances As thepresidential motorcade rode slowly through the

Reading Check

Cold War Peak Fears of communism peaked during theCuban missile crisis Routine reconnaissance flights over Cubarevealed the construction of missile sites fueling facilities andlaunch pads What steps did Kennedy take to deal with the

crisis

History

AV-850

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16906535

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-851

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12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-852

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1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

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1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

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11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

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2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

null

24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

null

14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

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13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 7: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

Kennedy himself was a master of the media particu-larly television He was the first to broadcast his pressconferences live on television

The Kennedy charisma inspired many of his staffmembers His press secretary Pierre Salinger put thisfeeling into words

ldquoNone of us will ever have a better job as long as

we live The big plusmdashthe fringe benefit that

made it all worthwhilemdashwas JFK himself Our

faith in him and in what he was trying to do was

absolute and he could impart to our work together a

sense of challenge and adventuremdasha feeling that he

was moving and the world with him toward a better

timerdquomdashquoted in With Kennedy

Summarizing In what ways didJohn F Kennedy inspire the nation

Success and Setback on theDomestic Front

Not everyone in the nation fell for the Kennedymystique His high culture elite Northeastupbringing and Catholicism irritated someAmericans Congress also was less than taken withthe new president Upon entering office PresidentKennedy set out to implement a legislative agendawhich became known as the New Frontier Hehoped to increase aid to education provide healthinsurance to the elderly create a Department ofUrban Affairs and help migrant workers He

would soon find that transforming lofty ideals intoreal legislation was no easy task on Capitol Hill

Kennedy Struggles With Congress Although theDemocratic Party enjoyed large majorities in bothhouses of Congress Kennedy was unable to pushthrough many of his domestic programs Kennedy hadtrailed Nixon in many Democratic districts and hadnot helped many Democrats get elected Those whodid win therefore did not feel they owed him any-thing As one Democrat in Congress told US News ampWorld Report ldquoA good many [congressional representa-tives] were elected in 1960 in spite of his presence onthe ticket rather than because his name was thererdquo Asa result legislators found it easy to follow their owninterests rather than those of the president

In addition Republicans as well as conservativeSouthern Democratsmdashwho were responsible for hold-ing the Democratic majority in Congressmdashviewed theNew Frontier as too big and too costly Senator EverettDirksen Republican minority leader from Illinoisclaimed that Kennedyrsquos efforts to increase the powerand reach of the federal government would push thenation down an ominous path

In the end Congress defeated a number of JFKrsquosproposals including health insurance for the elderlya Department of Urban Affairs and federal aid toeducation The president often resisted calls to pushharder for his agenda He decided not to fight everybattle on Capitol Hill and preferred to reserve hisbargaining power for issues that were both trulyimportant and winnable

ECONOMICS

Strengthening the Economy Kennedy did achievesome victories in Congress particularly in his effortsto improve the nationrsquos economy The Americaneconomy which had soared through much of the1950s had slowed by the end of the decade From1960 to 1961 the growth rate of the gross nationalproduct was only 2 percent while the unemploy-ment rate hovered near 7 percent of the workforcethe second-highest figure since World War II

In an effort to increase growth and create morejobs Kennedy advocated the New Deal strategy ofdeficit spending first implemented during FranklinRooseveltrsquos presidency The new president convincedCongress to invest more funds in defense and in spaceexploration Such spending did indeed create morejobs and stimulate economic growth Reluctant to relytoo heavily on deficit spending which tends to causeinflation Kennedy also sought to boost the economyby increasing business production and efficiency In

Reading Check

The Kennedy White House Jacqueline Kennedy (center right) broughtyouthful elegance and style to the White House Why do you think the media

scrutinized the First Family so much

History

842 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-842

null

25674084

addition his administration asked businesses to holddown prices and labor leaders to hold down payincreases

Prodded by Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberglabor unions in the steel industry agreed to reducetheir demands for higher wages In 1962 howeverseveral steel companies raised prices sharply

The president threatened to have the Departmentof Defense buy cheaper steel from foreign companiesand instructed the Justice Department to investigatewhether the steel industry was guilty of price-fixingIn response to Kennedyrsquos tactics the steel companiesbacked down and cut their prices To achieve this vic-tory however the president had strained his rela-tions with the nationrsquos business community

In an effort to get the economy moving Kennedyalso adopted supply-side ideas and pushed for a cut intax rates When opponents argued that a tax cut wouldonly help the wealthy Kennedy asserted that lowertaxes meant businesses would have more money toexpand which would create new jobs and benefiteverybody ldquoA rising tide lifts all boatsrdquo Kennedyexplained as a way to illustrate how tax cuts wouldstimulate the economy and help all Americans

Congress refused to pass the tax cut because manymembers feared it would cause inflation Howeverthey did support Kennedyrsquos request to raise the mini-mum wage and his proposal for an AreaRedevelopment Act and a Housing Act These two pro-grams provided funds to poor areas They helped toclear slums create jobs and build low-income housing

Womenrsquos Rights Kennedy also helped womenmake strides during the 1960s Although Kennedynever appointed a woman to his cabinet a number ofwomen worked in prominent positions in his admin-istration including Esther Peterson assistant secre-tary of labor and director of the Womenrsquos Bureau ofthe Department of Labor

Kennedy advanced womenrsquos rights in other ways aswell In 1961 he created the Presidential Commissionon the Status of Women The commission called forfederal action against gender discrimination andaffirmed the right of women to equally paid employ-ment Kennedy responded by issuing an executiveorder ending gender discrimination in the federal civilservice and in 1963 he signed the Equal Pay Act forwomen The commission also sparked the creation ofsimilar groups on the state level and inspired manywomen to work together to further their interests

Evaluating Why did Kennedy havedifficulty getting his New Frontier legislation passed

Warren Court ReformsDuring the Kennedy years the Supreme Court also

took an active role in social issues In 1953 PresidentEisenhower had nominated Earl Warren the popularRepublican governor of California to become ChiefJustice of the United States More so than previouscourts the Warren Court took an activist stance help-ing to shape national policy by taking a forceful standon a number of key issues of the day

GOVERNMENT

ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo One of the Warren Courtrsquosmore notable decisions had a powerful impact onwho would hold political power in the United StatesThis decision concerned reapportionment or the wayin which states draw up political districts based onchanges in population By 1960 many moreAmericans resided in cities and suburbs than in ruralareas Yet many states had failed to restructure theirelectoral districts to reflect that change

In Tennessee for example a rural county with only2340 voters had 1 representative in the state assem-bly while an urban county with 133 times more votershad only 7 The vote of a city dweller counted for lessthan the vote of a rural resident Some Tennessee vot-ers took the matter to court

The Baker v Carr case reached the Supreme Courtafter a federal court ruled that the issue should be

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 843

Camelot In December 1960 Camelot a musicalstarring Richard Burton and Julie Andrews openedon Broadway in New York City The Kennedysattended the show which told the legend of theheroism of King Arthur and the Knights of the RoundTable and so enjoyed it that they listened to themusic often The presidentrsquos favorite song includedthe lines ldquoDonrsquot let it be forgot that once there was aspot for one brief shining moment that was knownas Camelotrdquo

In later years the Kennedy presidency becameknown as ldquoCamelotrdquo largely because of MrsKennedy Shortly after the presidentrsquos death in 1963she told a journalist that all she could think aboutwas the presidentrsquos favorite line She went on to sayldquoTherersquoll be great presidents again but therersquollnever be another Camelot againrdquo JournalistTheodore H White later wrote that ldquoall she couldrepeat was lsquoTell people there will never be thatCamelot againrsquordquo

AV-843

null

25543462

solved by legislation The Fourteenth Amendmentspecifically gives Congress authority to enforce vot-ing rights In 1962 the Supreme Court ruled that thefederal courts did have jurisdiction and sent the mat-ter back to the lower courts (See page 1080 for moreinformation on Baker v Carr)

Two years later in June 1964 the Supreme Courtruled in Reynolds v Sims that the current apportion-ment system in most states was indeed unconstitu-tional In a decision that helped to promote theprinciple of ldquoone man one voterdquo the Warren Courtrequired state legislatures to reapportion electoral dis-tricts so that all citizensrsquo votes would have equalweight The Courtrsquos decision was a momentous onefor it shifted political power throughout the countryfrom rural and often conservative areas to urban areaswhere more liberal voters resided The Courtrsquos decisionalso boosted the political power of African Americansand Hispanics who typically lived in cities (See page1082 for more information on Reynolds v Sims)

Extending Due Process In a series of historic rul-ings in the 1960s the US Supreme Court began touse the Fourteenth Amendment to apply the Bill ofRights to the states Originally the Bill of Rights

applied only to the federal government Many stateshad their own bill of rights but some federal rightsdid not exist at the state level The FourteenthAmendment specifically stated that ldquono stateshall deprive any person of life liberty or prop-erty without due process of lawrdquo Due process meansthat the law may not treat individuals unfairly arbi-trarily or unreasonably and that courts must followproper procedures and rules when trying cases Dueprocess ensures that all people are treated the sameby the court system In the 1960s the Supreme Courtruled in several cases that upholding due processmeant applying the federal bill of rights to the states

In 1961 the Supreme Court ruled in Mapp v Ohiothat state courts could not consider evidenceobtained in violation of the federal Constitution InGideon v Wainwright (1963) the Court ruled that adefendant in a state court had the right to a lawyerregardless of his or her ability to pay The followingyear in Escobedo v Illinois the justices ruled that a

844 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Civil Rights

Due Process

Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech

Segregation in public schools unconstitutional

Established that federal courts can hear lawsuits seeking to force state authorities to redrawelectoral districts

State legislative districts should be equal in population

Desegregation of public accommodations established inthe Civil Rights Act of 1964 is legal

States may not ban interracial marriage

Unlawfully seized evidence is inadmissible at trial

Suspects are entitled to court-appointed attorneyif unable to afford one on their own

Accused has the right to an attorney during police questioning

Police must inform suspects of their rights during thearrest process

State-mandated prayer in school banned

State-mandated Bible readings in school banned

Celebrities may sue the media for libel only in certaincircumstances

Brown v Board of Education (1954)

Baker v Carr (1962)

Reynolds v Sims (1964)

Heart of Atlanta Motel v United States (1964)

Loving v Virginia (1967)

Mapp v Ohio (1961)

Gideon v Wainwright (1963)

Escobedo v Illinois (1964)

Miranda v Arizona (1966)

Engel v Vitale (1962)

Abington School District v Schempp (1963)

New York Times v Sullivan (1964)

Major Decisions of the Warren Court 1954mdash1967

1 Interpreting Charts Analyze the effects Brown vBoard of Education and Reynolds v Sims had on thenation

2 Summarizing What three major areas of policy didthe Warren Courtrsquos decisions affect

AV-844

null

16242961

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 845

Checking for Understanding1 Define missile gap reapportionment

due process2 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren3 Summarize the progress made for

womenrsquos rights during Kennedyrsquosadministration

Reviewing Themes4 Civic Rights and Responsibilities

Name three decisions of the WarrenCourt that protected civil rights

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting In what way was the 1960

presidential election a turning point incampaign history

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list theeconomic policies of the Kennedyadministration

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Charts Study the chart of

Warren Court decisions on page 844How did the Court expand the rights ofthe accused Were these sound deci-sions Why or why not

Economic

Policies

suspect must be allowed access to a lawyer and mustbe informed of his or her right to remain silent beforebeing questioned by the police Miranda v Arizona(1966) went even further requiring that authoritiesimmediately give suspects a fourfold warning Thewarning consisted of informing suspects that theyhave the right to remain silent that anything they saycan and will be used against them in court that theyhave a right to a lawyer while being questioned andthat if they cannot afford a lawyer the court willappoint one for them Today these warnings areknown as the Miranda rights (See pages 1081ndash1082for more information on Mapp v Ohio Gideon v Wainwright

Escobedo v Illinois and Miranda v Arizona)Many citizens and police departments and even

some of the Supreme Court justices accused theWarren Court of favoring criminals Others cheeredthe decisions seeing them as promoting the rightsof all citizens even the less privileged

Prayer and Privacy The Supreme Court alsohanded down decisions that reaffirmed the separa-tion of church and state The Court applied the FirstAmendment to the states in Engel v Vitale (1962) Inthis ruling the Court decided that states could notcompose official prayers and require those prayers tobe recited in state public schools The following yearin Abington School District v Schempp it ruled againststate-mandated Bible readings in public schoolsWeighing in on another controversial issue the Courtruled in Griswold v Connecticut (1965) that prohibit-ing the sale and use of birth control devices violatedcitizensrsquo constitutional right to privacy (See pages1080ndash1081 for more information on these Supreme Court cases)

As with most rulings of the Warren Court thesedecisions delighted some and deeply disturbed others What most people did agree upon howeverwas the Courtrsquos pivotal role in shaping nationalpolicy The Warren Court wrote New York Timescolumnist Anthony Lewis ldquohas brought aboutmore social change than most Congresses and mostPresidentsrdquo

From the political arena to the legal system to peoplersquos everyday lives the Warren Court indeed leftits imprint on the nation Meanwhile away from thedomestic arena President Kennedy worked to makehis mark on the countryrsquos foreign affairs during a timeof rising Cold War tensions

Examining What was the signifi-cance of the Warren Courtrsquos ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo ruling

Reading Check

Activist Court The Warren Court poses for its official portrait in 1962with Chief Justice Earl Warren front and center

8 Expository Writing In his InauguralAddress President Kennedy asked hisfellow Americans to ldquoAsk what you cando for your countryrdquo Respond to thisstatement in an essay

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-845

null

16206386

May 1961Kennedy informs Congress ofmoon expedition goal

846 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

1962 1964

Kennedy Confronts Global Challenges The Cuban missile crisis as the standoff came to be called may have been the most

dramatic foreign policy episode Kennedy faced It was not the only one however AsKennedy entered the White House the nationrsquos dangerous rivalry with the SovietUnion continued to intensify As a result the new president had to devote much of

Like millions of other Americans in late October 1962 Tami Gold was having trouble concentrating

on anything For several tension-filled days that fall the world seemed headed for nuclear destruc-

tion US officials had discovered that the Soviet Union had placed missiles in Cubamdasha mere 90 miles

(145 km) from the shores of the United States When the Soviets refused to remove the weapons a

bitter weeklong standoff ensued in which the two superpowers hurled threats and warnings at each

other and moved to the brink of nuclear war Gold then a seventh-grade student in Long Island New

York recalled the events of one particular day

ldquoI remember I was in the bathroom of the school when they had said over the loud speaker

that everyone had to return to their homerooms immediately and get instruction from their homeroom

teacher And it was probably one of the scariest moments of my life it was like the sensation that our

country could go to war and I didnrsquot understand at all what it was about but the fact that the country

could go to war at any moment was really really present It was chilling it was scary it was really

nauseating rdquomdashquoted in Collective Memories of the Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK and the Cold War

Main IdeaAs president John F Kennedy had toconfront the challenges and fears of theCold War

Key Terms and Namesflexible response Peace Corps spacerace Berlin Wall Warren Commission

Reading StrategySequencing As you read about the crisesof the Cold War complete a time linesimilar to the one below to record themajor events of the Cold War in the late1950s and early 1960s

Reading Objectives bull Describe Kennedyrsquos plan for the armed

forcesbull Explain how the Cold War influenced

foreign aid and the space program

Section ThemeScience and Technology During theCold War the nation devoted much of itsscientific and technological resources tocompeting with the Soviet Union espe-cially in getting to the moon

Jan1959

Aug1963

1961 1963

April 1961Bay of Pigs invasion

October 1962Cuban missile crisis

September 1963Senate ratifies LimitedTest Ban Treaty

November 22 1963Kennedy assassinated

AV-846

null

11859373

his energy in foreign policy matters to guiding thenation through the deepening Cold War

Kennedy appeared ready to stand up to theSoviets Upon taking the oath of office the new pres-ident devoted much of his Inaugural Address to therole of the United States in a divided world

ldquoLet the word go forth from this time and

place that the torch has been passed to a new

generation of Americansmdashborn in this century tem-

pered by war disciplined by a hard and bitter peace

proud of our ancient heritagemdashand unwilling to wit-

ness or permit the slow undoing of those human

rights to which this nation has always been commit-

ted Let every nation know whether it wishes us

well or ill that we shall pay any price bear any bur-

den meet any hardship support any friend oppose

any foe to assure the survival and the success of

libertyrdquomdashquoted in Let the Word Go Forth

Kennedy attempted to reduce the threat of nuclearwar and to stop the spread of communism with a rangeof programs These included a conventional weaponryprogram economic aid and the Peace Corps

A More Flexible Response Kennedy took office at atime of growing global instability Nationalism wasexploding throughout the developing world and theSoviet Union actively supported ldquowars of national lib-erationrdquo Newsweek magazine wrote that the ldquogreatestsingle problem that faces John Kennedy is how tomeet the aggressive power of the Communist blocrdquo

Kennedy felt that Eisenhower had relied too heav-ily on nuclear weapons which could only be used inextreme situations To allow for a ldquoflexible responserdquoif nations needed help against Communist move-ments the president pushed for a buildup of conven-tional troops and weapons Although costly a flexibleresponse plan would allow the United States to fight alimited style of warfare

In adopting this plan Kennedy supported theSpecial Forces a small army unit created in the 1950sto wage guerrilla warfare in limited conflictsKennedy expanded it and allowed the soldiers towear their distinctive ldquoGreen Beretrdquo headgear

Aid to Other Countries One area of the world whereKennedy wanted to renew diplomatic focus was LatinAmerica Conditions in much of Latin American soci-ety were not good Governments were often in thehands of the wealthy few and many of their citizens

lived in extreme poverty In some Latin Americancountries these conditions spurred the growth of left-wing movements aimed at overthrowing their govern-ments When the United States was involved in LatinAmerica it was usually to help existing governmentsstay in power in order to prevent Communist move-ments from flourishing Poor Latin Americans resentedthis intrusion just as they resented American corpora-tions that had business operations in their countries apresence that was seen as a kind of imperialism

To improve relations between the United Statesand Latin America President Kennedy proposed anAlliance for Progress a series of cooperative aidprojects with Latin American governments Thealliance was designed to create a ldquofree and prosper-ous Latin Americardquo that would be less likely to sup-port Communist-inspired revolutions

Over a 10-year period the United States pledged$20 billion to help Latin American countries establishbetter schools housing health care and fairer landdistribution The results were mixed In some coun-triesmdashnotably Chile Colombia Venezuela and theCentral American republicsmdashthe alliance did pro-mote real reform In others governing rulers used themoney to keep themselves in power

The Peace Corps Another program aimed at helpingless developed nations fight poverty was the PeaceCorps an organization that sent young Americans toperform humanitarian services in these countries

After rigorous training volunteers spent twoyears in countries that had requested assistanceThey laid out sewage systems in Bolivia and trainedmedical technicians in Chad Others taught English orhelped to build roads By late 1963 thousands of PeaceCorps volunteers were serving in over 30 countriesToday the Peace Corps is still active and remains oneof Kennedyrsquos most enduring legacies

TECHNOLOGY

The Cold War Moves IntoSpace President Kennedysought to increase the coun-tryrsquos presence not onlyaround the world but also inspace With Cold War ten-sions continuing to rise theUnited States and the SovietUnion engaged in a spaceracemdashvying for dominanceof the heavens to enhancetheir competitive positionson Earth

Student WebActivity Visit theAmerican Vision Website at tavglencoecomand click on StudentWeb ActivitiesmdashChapter 28 for anactivity on the NewFrontier

HISTORY

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 847

AV-847

null

30825934

848 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Space ProgramThe space program expanded significantly

when President Kennedy announced his deter-

mination to beat the Soviets to the moon By

the time Neil Armstrong and Edwin (ldquoBuzzrdquo)

Aldrin walked on the moon in 1969 the

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) had spent over

$33 billion Since that time NASA expendi-

tures have affected far more than space

missions NASA research findings have

advanced knowledge of the nature of the

universe and people have applied them

to many technical fields and manufac-

turing processes

Moon boot material developed for

the space program is used

in many running shoes It has

improved shock absorption and

provides superior stability and

motion control

Kennedy was determined that the first humans toreach the moon would be Americans not RussiansIn 1961 he recommended to Congress that ldquothisnation should commit itself to achieving the goalbefore this decade is out of landing a man on themoonrdquo Kennedyrsquos dream was realized in July 1969during Richard Nixonrsquos first administration whenastronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person toset foot on the moon

Examining What global challengesdid Kennedy face during his presidency

Crises of the Cold WarPresident Kennedyrsquos efforts to combat Communist

influence in other countries led to some of the mostintense crises of the Cold War At times these crisesleft Americans and people in many other nationswondering whether the world would survive

The Bay of Pigs The first crisis occurred in Cubaonly 90 miles (145 km) from American shoresThere Fidel Castro had overthrown the corruptCuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 Almost

immediately Castro established ties with the SovietUnion instituted drastic land reforms and seizedforeign-owned businesses many of them AmericanCubarsquos alliance with the Soviets worried manyAmericans The Communists were now too close forcomfort and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev wasalso expressing his intent to strengthen Cuba militarily

Fearing that the Soviets would use Cuba as abase from which to spread revolution throughoutthe Western Hemisphere President Eisenhowerhad authorized the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) to secretly train and arm Cuban exilesknown as La Brigada to invade the island Theinvasion was intended to touch off a popular upris-ing against Castro

When Kennedy became president his advisersapproved the plan In office fewer than threemonths and trusting his experts Kennedy agreedto the operation with some changes On April 171961 1400 armed Cuban exiles landed at the Bayof Pigs on the south coast of Cuba The invasionwas a disaster La Brigadarsquos boats ran aground oncoral reefs Kennedy cancelled their air support tokeep United States involvement a secret and the

Reading Check

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14403761

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 849

A communications satellite now in develop-

ment will provide better telephone television and

data service between western Europe the Americas

and Africa Another communications satellite has improved

ship-to-shore communications which used to be interrupted

frequently by bad weather

Increased Safety Remote-controlled robots reduce human

injury levels because they can perform

hazardous tasks men and women used

to carry out Robots can also perform

operations no human being ever could

such as volcano research on the Puna

Ridge of Kilauea Hawaii

Assistance for People With DisabilitiesThe NASA tele-operator and robot technology was used to develop a voice-

controlled wheelchair and manipulator Using a minicomputer the wheel-

chair responds to 35 single-word voice commands helping physically

challenged people perform tasks like picking up packages opening

doors and turning on appliances

expected popular uprising never happened Withintwo days Castrorsquos forces killed or captured almostall the members of La Brigada

The Bay of Pigs was a dark moment for theKennedy administration The action exposed anAmerican plot to overthrow a neighborrsquos govern-ment and the outcome made the United States lookweak and disorganized

The Berlin Wall Goes Up Still reeling from the Bayof Pigs fiasco Kennedy faced another foreign policychallenge beginning in June 1961 when he met withKhrushchev in Vienna Austria The Soviet leaderwas determined to test the resolve of the young pres-ident Khrushchev also wanted to stop the flood ofGermans pouring out of Communist East Germanyinto West Berlin He demanded that the Westernpowers recognize East Germany and that the UnitedStates Great Britain and France withdraw fromBerlin a city lying completely within East GermanyKennedy refused and reaffirmed the Westrsquos commit-ment to West Berlin

Khrushchev retaliated by building a wall throughBerlin blocking movement between the Soviet sector

and the rest of the city Guards posted along the wallshot at many of those attempting to escape from theEast For nearly 30 years afterward the Berlin Wallstood as a visible symbol of the Cold War divisionbetween East and West

The Cuban Missile Crisis By far the most terrifyingcrisis of the Kennedy era occurred the next year Onceagain the crisis dealt with Cuba Over the summer of1962 American intelligence agencies learned thatSoviet technicians and equipment had arrived in Cubaand that military construction was in progress Thenon October 22 President Kennedy announced on tele-vision that American spy planes had taken aerial pho-tographs showing that the Soviet Union had placedlong-range missiles in Cuba Enemy missiles stationedso close to the United States posed a dangerous threat

Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop theSoviets from delivering more missiles demanded thatthey dismantle existing missile sites and warned thatif any weapons were launched against the UnitedStates he would respond fully against the SovietUnion Still work on the missile sites continuedNuclear holocaust seemed imminent

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15401736

Then after a flurry of secret negotiations theSoviet Union offered a deal It would remove the mis-siles if the United States promised not to invadeCuba and to remove its missiles from Turkey near theSoviet border As American officials considered theoffer letters and cables flew between the two leadersand their chief advisers

The reality was that neither Kennedy norKhrushchev wanted nuclear war ldquoOnly lunatics who themselves want to perish and before they diedestroy the world could do thisrdquo wrote the Sovietleader Still the dangerous standoff persisted OnOctober 28 the leaders reached an agreementKennedy publicly agreed not to invade Cuba and pri-vately agreed to remove the Turkish missiles theSoviets agreed to remove their missiles from CubaThe world could breathe again

The Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis TheCuban missile crisis brought the world closer tonuclear war than at any time since World War IIBoth the United States and the Soviet Union hadbeen forced to consider the consequences of such awar In the following months each country seemedready to work to lessen world tensions In August1963 the United States and the Soviet Union con-cluded years of negotiation by agreeing to a treatyto ban the testing of nuclear weapons in the

atmospheremdashthe first step toward mutual armsreduction since the beginning of the Cold War

In the long run however the missile crisis hadominous consequences The humiliating retreat theUnited States forced upon the Soviet leadershipundermined the position of Nikita Khrushchev andcontributed to his fall from power a year later Thenew leadership was less interested in reaching agree-ments with the West Perhaps more important thecrisis gave the Soviets evidence of their military infe-riority and helped produce a dramatic Soviet armsbuildup over the next two decades This buildup con-tributed to a comparable military increase in theUnited States in the early 1980s For a time the armsrace undermined American support for negotiatingwith the Soviets

Summarizing How was the Cubanmissile crisis resolved

The Death of a PresidentSoon after the Senate ratified the test ban treaty

John F Kennedyrsquos presidency came to a shocking andtragic end On November 22 1963 Kennedy and hiswife traveled to Texas with Vice President LyndonJohnson for a series of political appearances As thepresidential motorcade rode slowly through the

Reading Check

Cold War Peak Fears of communism peaked during theCuban missile crisis Routine reconnaissance flights over Cubarevealed the construction of missile sites fueling facilities andlaunch pads What steps did Kennedy take to deal with the

crisis

History

AV-850

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16906535

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-851

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12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

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1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

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1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

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11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

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2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

null

24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

null

14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

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13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 8: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

addition his administration asked businesses to holddown prices and labor leaders to hold down payincreases

Prodded by Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberglabor unions in the steel industry agreed to reducetheir demands for higher wages In 1962 howeverseveral steel companies raised prices sharply

The president threatened to have the Departmentof Defense buy cheaper steel from foreign companiesand instructed the Justice Department to investigatewhether the steel industry was guilty of price-fixingIn response to Kennedyrsquos tactics the steel companiesbacked down and cut their prices To achieve this vic-tory however the president had strained his rela-tions with the nationrsquos business community

In an effort to get the economy moving Kennedyalso adopted supply-side ideas and pushed for a cut intax rates When opponents argued that a tax cut wouldonly help the wealthy Kennedy asserted that lowertaxes meant businesses would have more money toexpand which would create new jobs and benefiteverybody ldquoA rising tide lifts all boatsrdquo Kennedyexplained as a way to illustrate how tax cuts wouldstimulate the economy and help all Americans

Congress refused to pass the tax cut because manymembers feared it would cause inflation Howeverthey did support Kennedyrsquos request to raise the mini-mum wage and his proposal for an AreaRedevelopment Act and a Housing Act These two pro-grams provided funds to poor areas They helped toclear slums create jobs and build low-income housing

Womenrsquos Rights Kennedy also helped womenmake strides during the 1960s Although Kennedynever appointed a woman to his cabinet a number ofwomen worked in prominent positions in his admin-istration including Esther Peterson assistant secre-tary of labor and director of the Womenrsquos Bureau ofthe Department of Labor

Kennedy advanced womenrsquos rights in other ways aswell In 1961 he created the Presidential Commissionon the Status of Women The commission called forfederal action against gender discrimination andaffirmed the right of women to equally paid employ-ment Kennedy responded by issuing an executiveorder ending gender discrimination in the federal civilservice and in 1963 he signed the Equal Pay Act forwomen The commission also sparked the creation ofsimilar groups on the state level and inspired manywomen to work together to further their interests

Evaluating Why did Kennedy havedifficulty getting his New Frontier legislation passed

Warren Court ReformsDuring the Kennedy years the Supreme Court also

took an active role in social issues In 1953 PresidentEisenhower had nominated Earl Warren the popularRepublican governor of California to become ChiefJustice of the United States More so than previouscourts the Warren Court took an activist stance help-ing to shape national policy by taking a forceful standon a number of key issues of the day

GOVERNMENT

ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo One of the Warren Courtrsquosmore notable decisions had a powerful impact onwho would hold political power in the United StatesThis decision concerned reapportionment or the wayin which states draw up political districts based onchanges in population By 1960 many moreAmericans resided in cities and suburbs than in ruralareas Yet many states had failed to restructure theirelectoral districts to reflect that change

In Tennessee for example a rural county with only2340 voters had 1 representative in the state assem-bly while an urban county with 133 times more votershad only 7 The vote of a city dweller counted for lessthan the vote of a rural resident Some Tennessee vot-ers took the matter to court

The Baker v Carr case reached the Supreme Courtafter a federal court ruled that the issue should be

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 843

Camelot In December 1960 Camelot a musicalstarring Richard Burton and Julie Andrews openedon Broadway in New York City The Kennedysattended the show which told the legend of theheroism of King Arthur and the Knights of the RoundTable and so enjoyed it that they listened to themusic often The presidentrsquos favorite song includedthe lines ldquoDonrsquot let it be forgot that once there was aspot for one brief shining moment that was knownas Camelotrdquo

In later years the Kennedy presidency becameknown as ldquoCamelotrdquo largely because of MrsKennedy Shortly after the presidentrsquos death in 1963she told a journalist that all she could think aboutwas the presidentrsquos favorite line She went on to sayldquoTherersquoll be great presidents again but therersquollnever be another Camelot againrdquo JournalistTheodore H White later wrote that ldquoall she couldrepeat was lsquoTell people there will never be thatCamelot againrsquordquo

AV-843

null

25543462

solved by legislation The Fourteenth Amendmentspecifically gives Congress authority to enforce vot-ing rights In 1962 the Supreme Court ruled that thefederal courts did have jurisdiction and sent the mat-ter back to the lower courts (See page 1080 for moreinformation on Baker v Carr)

Two years later in June 1964 the Supreme Courtruled in Reynolds v Sims that the current apportion-ment system in most states was indeed unconstitu-tional In a decision that helped to promote theprinciple of ldquoone man one voterdquo the Warren Courtrequired state legislatures to reapportion electoral dis-tricts so that all citizensrsquo votes would have equalweight The Courtrsquos decision was a momentous onefor it shifted political power throughout the countryfrom rural and often conservative areas to urban areaswhere more liberal voters resided The Courtrsquos decisionalso boosted the political power of African Americansand Hispanics who typically lived in cities (See page1082 for more information on Reynolds v Sims)

Extending Due Process In a series of historic rul-ings in the 1960s the US Supreme Court began touse the Fourteenth Amendment to apply the Bill ofRights to the states Originally the Bill of Rights

applied only to the federal government Many stateshad their own bill of rights but some federal rightsdid not exist at the state level The FourteenthAmendment specifically stated that ldquono stateshall deprive any person of life liberty or prop-erty without due process of lawrdquo Due process meansthat the law may not treat individuals unfairly arbi-trarily or unreasonably and that courts must followproper procedures and rules when trying cases Dueprocess ensures that all people are treated the sameby the court system In the 1960s the Supreme Courtruled in several cases that upholding due processmeant applying the federal bill of rights to the states

In 1961 the Supreme Court ruled in Mapp v Ohiothat state courts could not consider evidenceobtained in violation of the federal Constitution InGideon v Wainwright (1963) the Court ruled that adefendant in a state court had the right to a lawyerregardless of his or her ability to pay The followingyear in Escobedo v Illinois the justices ruled that a

844 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Civil Rights

Due Process

Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech

Segregation in public schools unconstitutional

Established that federal courts can hear lawsuits seeking to force state authorities to redrawelectoral districts

State legislative districts should be equal in population

Desegregation of public accommodations established inthe Civil Rights Act of 1964 is legal

States may not ban interracial marriage

Unlawfully seized evidence is inadmissible at trial

Suspects are entitled to court-appointed attorneyif unable to afford one on their own

Accused has the right to an attorney during police questioning

Police must inform suspects of their rights during thearrest process

State-mandated prayer in school banned

State-mandated Bible readings in school banned

Celebrities may sue the media for libel only in certaincircumstances

Brown v Board of Education (1954)

Baker v Carr (1962)

Reynolds v Sims (1964)

Heart of Atlanta Motel v United States (1964)

Loving v Virginia (1967)

Mapp v Ohio (1961)

Gideon v Wainwright (1963)

Escobedo v Illinois (1964)

Miranda v Arizona (1966)

Engel v Vitale (1962)

Abington School District v Schempp (1963)

New York Times v Sullivan (1964)

Major Decisions of the Warren Court 1954mdash1967

1 Interpreting Charts Analyze the effects Brown vBoard of Education and Reynolds v Sims had on thenation

2 Summarizing What three major areas of policy didthe Warren Courtrsquos decisions affect

AV-844

null

16242961

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 845

Checking for Understanding1 Define missile gap reapportionment

due process2 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren3 Summarize the progress made for

womenrsquos rights during Kennedyrsquosadministration

Reviewing Themes4 Civic Rights and Responsibilities

Name three decisions of the WarrenCourt that protected civil rights

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting In what way was the 1960

presidential election a turning point incampaign history

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list theeconomic policies of the Kennedyadministration

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Charts Study the chart of

Warren Court decisions on page 844How did the Court expand the rights ofthe accused Were these sound deci-sions Why or why not

Economic

Policies

suspect must be allowed access to a lawyer and mustbe informed of his or her right to remain silent beforebeing questioned by the police Miranda v Arizona(1966) went even further requiring that authoritiesimmediately give suspects a fourfold warning Thewarning consisted of informing suspects that theyhave the right to remain silent that anything they saycan and will be used against them in court that theyhave a right to a lawyer while being questioned andthat if they cannot afford a lawyer the court willappoint one for them Today these warnings areknown as the Miranda rights (See pages 1081ndash1082for more information on Mapp v Ohio Gideon v Wainwright

Escobedo v Illinois and Miranda v Arizona)Many citizens and police departments and even

some of the Supreme Court justices accused theWarren Court of favoring criminals Others cheeredthe decisions seeing them as promoting the rightsof all citizens even the less privileged

Prayer and Privacy The Supreme Court alsohanded down decisions that reaffirmed the separa-tion of church and state The Court applied the FirstAmendment to the states in Engel v Vitale (1962) Inthis ruling the Court decided that states could notcompose official prayers and require those prayers tobe recited in state public schools The following yearin Abington School District v Schempp it ruled againststate-mandated Bible readings in public schoolsWeighing in on another controversial issue the Courtruled in Griswold v Connecticut (1965) that prohibit-ing the sale and use of birth control devices violatedcitizensrsquo constitutional right to privacy (See pages1080ndash1081 for more information on these Supreme Court cases)

As with most rulings of the Warren Court thesedecisions delighted some and deeply disturbed others What most people did agree upon howeverwas the Courtrsquos pivotal role in shaping nationalpolicy The Warren Court wrote New York Timescolumnist Anthony Lewis ldquohas brought aboutmore social change than most Congresses and mostPresidentsrdquo

From the political arena to the legal system to peoplersquos everyday lives the Warren Court indeed leftits imprint on the nation Meanwhile away from thedomestic arena President Kennedy worked to makehis mark on the countryrsquos foreign affairs during a timeof rising Cold War tensions

Examining What was the signifi-cance of the Warren Courtrsquos ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo ruling

Reading Check

Activist Court The Warren Court poses for its official portrait in 1962with Chief Justice Earl Warren front and center

8 Expository Writing In his InauguralAddress President Kennedy asked hisfellow Americans to ldquoAsk what you cando for your countryrdquo Respond to thisstatement in an essay

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-845

null

16206386

May 1961Kennedy informs Congress ofmoon expedition goal

846 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

1962 1964

Kennedy Confronts Global Challenges The Cuban missile crisis as the standoff came to be called may have been the most

dramatic foreign policy episode Kennedy faced It was not the only one however AsKennedy entered the White House the nationrsquos dangerous rivalry with the SovietUnion continued to intensify As a result the new president had to devote much of

Like millions of other Americans in late October 1962 Tami Gold was having trouble concentrating

on anything For several tension-filled days that fall the world seemed headed for nuclear destruc-

tion US officials had discovered that the Soviet Union had placed missiles in Cubamdasha mere 90 miles

(145 km) from the shores of the United States When the Soviets refused to remove the weapons a

bitter weeklong standoff ensued in which the two superpowers hurled threats and warnings at each

other and moved to the brink of nuclear war Gold then a seventh-grade student in Long Island New

York recalled the events of one particular day

ldquoI remember I was in the bathroom of the school when they had said over the loud speaker

that everyone had to return to their homerooms immediately and get instruction from their homeroom

teacher And it was probably one of the scariest moments of my life it was like the sensation that our

country could go to war and I didnrsquot understand at all what it was about but the fact that the country

could go to war at any moment was really really present It was chilling it was scary it was really

nauseating rdquomdashquoted in Collective Memories of the Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK and the Cold War

Main IdeaAs president John F Kennedy had toconfront the challenges and fears of theCold War

Key Terms and Namesflexible response Peace Corps spacerace Berlin Wall Warren Commission

Reading StrategySequencing As you read about the crisesof the Cold War complete a time linesimilar to the one below to record themajor events of the Cold War in the late1950s and early 1960s

Reading Objectives bull Describe Kennedyrsquos plan for the armed

forcesbull Explain how the Cold War influenced

foreign aid and the space program

Section ThemeScience and Technology During theCold War the nation devoted much of itsscientific and technological resources tocompeting with the Soviet Union espe-cially in getting to the moon

Jan1959

Aug1963

1961 1963

April 1961Bay of Pigs invasion

October 1962Cuban missile crisis

September 1963Senate ratifies LimitedTest Ban Treaty

November 22 1963Kennedy assassinated

AV-846

null

11859373

his energy in foreign policy matters to guiding thenation through the deepening Cold War

Kennedy appeared ready to stand up to theSoviets Upon taking the oath of office the new pres-ident devoted much of his Inaugural Address to therole of the United States in a divided world

ldquoLet the word go forth from this time and

place that the torch has been passed to a new

generation of Americansmdashborn in this century tem-

pered by war disciplined by a hard and bitter peace

proud of our ancient heritagemdashand unwilling to wit-

ness or permit the slow undoing of those human

rights to which this nation has always been commit-

ted Let every nation know whether it wishes us

well or ill that we shall pay any price bear any bur-

den meet any hardship support any friend oppose

any foe to assure the survival and the success of

libertyrdquomdashquoted in Let the Word Go Forth

Kennedy attempted to reduce the threat of nuclearwar and to stop the spread of communism with a rangeof programs These included a conventional weaponryprogram economic aid and the Peace Corps

A More Flexible Response Kennedy took office at atime of growing global instability Nationalism wasexploding throughout the developing world and theSoviet Union actively supported ldquowars of national lib-erationrdquo Newsweek magazine wrote that the ldquogreatestsingle problem that faces John Kennedy is how tomeet the aggressive power of the Communist blocrdquo

Kennedy felt that Eisenhower had relied too heav-ily on nuclear weapons which could only be used inextreme situations To allow for a ldquoflexible responserdquoif nations needed help against Communist move-ments the president pushed for a buildup of conven-tional troops and weapons Although costly a flexibleresponse plan would allow the United States to fight alimited style of warfare

In adopting this plan Kennedy supported theSpecial Forces a small army unit created in the 1950sto wage guerrilla warfare in limited conflictsKennedy expanded it and allowed the soldiers towear their distinctive ldquoGreen Beretrdquo headgear

Aid to Other Countries One area of the world whereKennedy wanted to renew diplomatic focus was LatinAmerica Conditions in much of Latin American soci-ety were not good Governments were often in thehands of the wealthy few and many of their citizens

lived in extreme poverty In some Latin Americancountries these conditions spurred the growth of left-wing movements aimed at overthrowing their govern-ments When the United States was involved in LatinAmerica it was usually to help existing governmentsstay in power in order to prevent Communist move-ments from flourishing Poor Latin Americans resentedthis intrusion just as they resented American corpora-tions that had business operations in their countries apresence that was seen as a kind of imperialism

To improve relations between the United Statesand Latin America President Kennedy proposed anAlliance for Progress a series of cooperative aidprojects with Latin American governments Thealliance was designed to create a ldquofree and prosper-ous Latin Americardquo that would be less likely to sup-port Communist-inspired revolutions

Over a 10-year period the United States pledged$20 billion to help Latin American countries establishbetter schools housing health care and fairer landdistribution The results were mixed In some coun-triesmdashnotably Chile Colombia Venezuela and theCentral American republicsmdashthe alliance did pro-mote real reform In others governing rulers used themoney to keep themselves in power

The Peace Corps Another program aimed at helpingless developed nations fight poverty was the PeaceCorps an organization that sent young Americans toperform humanitarian services in these countries

After rigorous training volunteers spent twoyears in countries that had requested assistanceThey laid out sewage systems in Bolivia and trainedmedical technicians in Chad Others taught English orhelped to build roads By late 1963 thousands of PeaceCorps volunteers were serving in over 30 countriesToday the Peace Corps is still active and remains oneof Kennedyrsquos most enduring legacies

TECHNOLOGY

The Cold War Moves IntoSpace President Kennedysought to increase the coun-tryrsquos presence not onlyaround the world but also inspace With Cold War ten-sions continuing to rise theUnited States and the SovietUnion engaged in a spaceracemdashvying for dominanceof the heavens to enhancetheir competitive positionson Earth

Student WebActivity Visit theAmerican Vision Website at tavglencoecomand click on StudentWeb ActivitiesmdashChapter 28 for anactivity on the NewFrontier

HISTORY

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 847

AV-847

null

30825934

848 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Space ProgramThe space program expanded significantly

when President Kennedy announced his deter-

mination to beat the Soviets to the moon By

the time Neil Armstrong and Edwin (ldquoBuzzrdquo)

Aldrin walked on the moon in 1969 the

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) had spent over

$33 billion Since that time NASA expendi-

tures have affected far more than space

missions NASA research findings have

advanced knowledge of the nature of the

universe and people have applied them

to many technical fields and manufac-

turing processes

Moon boot material developed for

the space program is used

in many running shoes It has

improved shock absorption and

provides superior stability and

motion control

Kennedy was determined that the first humans toreach the moon would be Americans not RussiansIn 1961 he recommended to Congress that ldquothisnation should commit itself to achieving the goalbefore this decade is out of landing a man on themoonrdquo Kennedyrsquos dream was realized in July 1969during Richard Nixonrsquos first administration whenastronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person toset foot on the moon

Examining What global challengesdid Kennedy face during his presidency

Crises of the Cold WarPresident Kennedyrsquos efforts to combat Communist

influence in other countries led to some of the mostintense crises of the Cold War At times these crisesleft Americans and people in many other nationswondering whether the world would survive

The Bay of Pigs The first crisis occurred in Cubaonly 90 miles (145 km) from American shoresThere Fidel Castro had overthrown the corruptCuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 Almost

immediately Castro established ties with the SovietUnion instituted drastic land reforms and seizedforeign-owned businesses many of them AmericanCubarsquos alliance with the Soviets worried manyAmericans The Communists were now too close forcomfort and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev wasalso expressing his intent to strengthen Cuba militarily

Fearing that the Soviets would use Cuba as abase from which to spread revolution throughoutthe Western Hemisphere President Eisenhowerhad authorized the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) to secretly train and arm Cuban exilesknown as La Brigada to invade the island Theinvasion was intended to touch off a popular upris-ing against Castro

When Kennedy became president his advisersapproved the plan In office fewer than threemonths and trusting his experts Kennedy agreedto the operation with some changes On April 171961 1400 armed Cuban exiles landed at the Bayof Pigs on the south coast of Cuba The invasionwas a disaster La Brigadarsquos boats ran aground oncoral reefs Kennedy cancelled their air support tokeep United States involvement a secret and the

Reading Check

AV-848

null

14403761

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 849

A communications satellite now in develop-

ment will provide better telephone television and

data service between western Europe the Americas

and Africa Another communications satellite has improved

ship-to-shore communications which used to be interrupted

frequently by bad weather

Increased Safety Remote-controlled robots reduce human

injury levels because they can perform

hazardous tasks men and women used

to carry out Robots can also perform

operations no human being ever could

such as volcano research on the Puna

Ridge of Kilauea Hawaii

Assistance for People With DisabilitiesThe NASA tele-operator and robot technology was used to develop a voice-

controlled wheelchair and manipulator Using a minicomputer the wheel-

chair responds to 35 single-word voice commands helping physically

challenged people perform tasks like picking up packages opening

doors and turning on appliances

expected popular uprising never happened Withintwo days Castrorsquos forces killed or captured almostall the members of La Brigada

The Bay of Pigs was a dark moment for theKennedy administration The action exposed anAmerican plot to overthrow a neighborrsquos govern-ment and the outcome made the United States lookweak and disorganized

The Berlin Wall Goes Up Still reeling from the Bayof Pigs fiasco Kennedy faced another foreign policychallenge beginning in June 1961 when he met withKhrushchev in Vienna Austria The Soviet leaderwas determined to test the resolve of the young pres-ident Khrushchev also wanted to stop the flood ofGermans pouring out of Communist East Germanyinto West Berlin He demanded that the Westernpowers recognize East Germany and that the UnitedStates Great Britain and France withdraw fromBerlin a city lying completely within East GermanyKennedy refused and reaffirmed the Westrsquos commit-ment to West Berlin

Khrushchev retaliated by building a wall throughBerlin blocking movement between the Soviet sector

and the rest of the city Guards posted along the wallshot at many of those attempting to escape from theEast For nearly 30 years afterward the Berlin Wallstood as a visible symbol of the Cold War divisionbetween East and West

The Cuban Missile Crisis By far the most terrifyingcrisis of the Kennedy era occurred the next year Onceagain the crisis dealt with Cuba Over the summer of1962 American intelligence agencies learned thatSoviet technicians and equipment had arrived in Cubaand that military construction was in progress Thenon October 22 President Kennedy announced on tele-vision that American spy planes had taken aerial pho-tographs showing that the Soviet Union had placedlong-range missiles in Cuba Enemy missiles stationedso close to the United States posed a dangerous threat

Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop theSoviets from delivering more missiles demanded thatthey dismantle existing missile sites and warned thatif any weapons were launched against the UnitedStates he would respond fully against the SovietUnion Still work on the missile sites continuedNuclear holocaust seemed imminent

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Then after a flurry of secret negotiations theSoviet Union offered a deal It would remove the mis-siles if the United States promised not to invadeCuba and to remove its missiles from Turkey near theSoviet border As American officials considered theoffer letters and cables flew between the two leadersand their chief advisers

The reality was that neither Kennedy norKhrushchev wanted nuclear war ldquoOnly lunatics who themselves want to perish and before they diedestroy the world could do thisrdquo wrote the Sovietleader Still the dangerous standoff persisted OnOctober 28 the leaders reached an agreementKennedy publicly agreed not to invade Cuba and pri-vately agreed to remove the Turkish missiles theSoviets agreed to remove their missiles from CubaThe world could breathe again

The Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis TheCuban missile crisis brought the world closer tonuclear war than at any time since World War IIBoth the United States and the Soviet Union hadbeen forced to consider the consequences of such awar In the following months each country seemedready to work to lessen world tensions In August1963 the United States and the Soviet Union con-cluded years of negotiation by agreeing to a treatyto ban the testing of nuclear weapons in the

atmospheremdashthe first step toward mutual armsreduction since the beginning of the Cold War

In the long run however the missile crisis hadominous consequences The humiliating retreat theUnited States forced upon the Soviet leadershipundermined the position of Nikita Khrushchev andcontributed to his fall from power a year later Thenew leadership was less interested in reaching agree-ments with the West Perhaps more important thecrisis gave the Soviets evidence of their military infe-riority and helped produce a dramatic Soviet armsbuildup over the next two decades This buildup con-tributed to a comparable military increase in theUnited States in the early 1980s For a time the armsrace undermined American support for negotiatingwith the Soviets

Summarizing How was the Cubanmissile crisis resolved

The Death of a PresidentSoon after the Senate ratified the test ban treaty

John F Kennedyrsquos presidency came to a shocking andtragic end On November 22 1963 Kennedy and hiswife traveled to Texas with Vice President LyndonJohnson for a series of political appearances As thepresidential motorcade rode slowly through the

Reading Check

Cold War Peak Fears of communism peaked during theCuban missile crisis Routine reconnaissance flights over Cubarevealed the construction of missile sites fueling facilities andlaunch pads What steps did Kennedy take to deal with the

crisis

History

AV-850

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16906535

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-851

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12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-852

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1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

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1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

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11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

null

2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

null

24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

null

14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

null

13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 9: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

solved by legislation The Fourteenth Amendmentspecifically gives Congress authority to enforce vot-ing rights In 1962 the Supreme Court ruled that thefederal courts did have jurisdiction and sent the mat-ter back to the lower courts (See page 1080 for moreinformation on Baker v Carr)

Two years later in June 1964 the Supreme Courtruled in Reynolds v Sims that the current apportion-ment system in most states was indeed unconstitu-tional In a decision that helped to promote theprinciple of ldquoone man one voterdquo the Warren Courtrequired state legislatures to reapportion electoral dis-tricts so that all citizensrsquo votes would have equalweight The Courtrsquos decision was a momentous onefor it shifted political power throughout the countryfrom rural and often conservative areas to urban areaswhere more liberal voters resided The Courtrsquos decisionalso boosted the political power of African Americansand Hispanics who typically lived in cities (See page1082 for more information on Reynolds v Sims)

Extending Due Process In a series of historic rul-ings in the 1960s the US Supreme Court began touse the Fourteenth Amendment to apply the Bill ofRights to the states Originally the Bill of Rights

applied only to the federal government Many stateshad their own bill of rights but some federal rightsdid not exist at the state level The FourteenthAmendment specifically stated that ldquono stateshall deprive any person of life liberty or prop-erty without due process of lawrdquo Due process meansthat the law may not treat individuals unfairly arbi-trarily or unreasonably and that courts must followproper procedures and rules when trying cases Dueprocess ensures that all people are treated the sameby the court system In the 1960s the Supreme Courtruled in several cases that upholding due processmeant applying the federal bill of rights to the states

In 1961 the Supreme Court ruled in Mapp v Ohiothat state courts could not consider evidenceobtained in violation of the federal Constitution InGideon v Wainwright (1963) the Court ruled that adefendant in a state court had the right to a lawyerregardless of his or her ability to pay The followingyear in Escobedo v Illinois the justices ruled that a

844 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Civil Rights

Due Process

Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech

Segregation in public schools unconstitutional

Established that federal courts can hear lawsuits seeking to force state authorities to redrawelectoral districts

State legislative districts should be equal in population

Desegregation of public accommodations established inthe Civil Rights Act of 1964 is legal

States may not ban interracial marriage

Unlawfully seized evidence is inadmissible at trial

Suspects are entitled to court-appointed attorneyif unable to afford one on their own

Accused has the right to an attorney during police questioning

Police must inform suspects of their rights during thearrest process

State-mandated prayer in school banned

State-mandated Bible readings in school banned

Celebrities may sue the media for libel only in certaincircumstances

Brown v Board of Education (1954)

Baker v Carr (1962)

Reynolds v Sims (1964)

Heart of Atlanta Motel v United States (1964)

Loving v Virginia (1967)

Mapp v Ohio (1961)

Gideon v Wainwright (1963)

Escobedo v Illinois (1964)

Miranda v Arizona (1966)

Engel v Vitale (1962)

Abington School District v Schempp (1963)

New York Times v Sullivan (1964)

Major Decisions of the Warren Court 1954mdash1967

1 Interpreting Charts Analyze the effects Brown vBoard of Education and Reynolds v Sims had on thenation

2 Summarizing What three major areas of policy didthe Warren Courtrsquos decisions affect

AV-844

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16242961

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 845

Checking for Understanding1 Define missile gap reapportionment

due process2 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren3 Summarize the progress made for

womenrsquos rights during Kennedyrsquosadministration

Reviewing Themes4 Civic Rights and Responsibilities

Name three decisions of the WarrenCourt that protected civil rights

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting In what way was the 1960

presidential election a turning point incampaign history

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list theeconomic policies of the Kennedyadministration

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Charts Study the chart of

Warren Court decisions on page 844How did the Court expand the rights ofthe accused Were these sound deci-sions Why or why not

Economic

Policies

suspect must be allowed access to a lawyer and mustbe informed of his or her right to remain silent beforebeing questioned by the police Miranda v Arizona(1966) went even further requiring that authoritiesimmediately give suspects a fourfold warning Thewarning consisted of informing suspects that theyhave the right to remain silent that anything they saycan and will be used against them in court that theyhave a right to a lawyer while being questioned andthat if they cannot afford a lawyer the court willappoint one for them Today these warnings areknown as the Miranda rights (See pages 1081ndash1082for more information on Mapp v Ohio Gideon v Wainwright

Escobedo v Illinois and Miranda v Arizona)Many citizens and police departments and even

some of the Supreme Court justices accused theWarren Court of favoring criminals Others cheeredthe decisions seeing them as promoting the rightsof all citizens even the less privileged

Prayer and Privacy The Supreme Court alsohanded down decisions that reaffirmed the separa-tion of church and state The Court applied the FirstAmendment to the states in Engel v Vitale (1962) Inthis ruling the Court decided that states could notcompose official prayers and require those prayers tobe recited in state public schools The following yearin Abington School District v Schempp it ruled againststate-mandated Bible readings in public schoolsWeighing in on another controversial issue the Courtruled in Griswold v Connecticut (1965) that prohibit-ing the sale and use of birth control devices violatedcitizensrsquo constitutional right to privacy (See pages1080ndash1081 for more information on these Supreme Court cases)

As with most rulings of the Warren Court thesedecisions delighted some and deeply disturbed others What most people did agree upon howeverwas the Courtrsquos pivotal role in shaping nationalpolicy The Warren Court wrote New York Timescolumnist Anthony Lewis ldquohas brought aboutmore social change than most Congresses and mostPresidentsrdquo

From the political arena to the legal system to peoplersquos everyday lives the Warren Court indeed leftits imprint on the nation Meanwhile away from thedomestic arena President Kennedy worked to makehis mark on the countryrsquos foreign affairs during a timeof rising Cold War tensions

Examining What was the signifi-cance of the Warren Courtrsquos ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo ruling

Reading Check

Activist Court The Warren Court poses for its official portrait in 1962with Chief Justice Earl Warren front and center

8 Expository Writing In his InauguralAddress President Kennedy asked hisfellow Americans to ldquoAsk what you cando for your countryrdquo Respond to thisstatement in an essay

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-845

null

16206386

May 1961Kennedy informs Congress ofmoon expedition goal

846 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

1962 1964

Kennedy Confronts Global Challenges The Cuban missile crisis as the standoff came to be called may have been the most

dramatic foreign policy episode Kennedy faced It was not the only one however AsKennedy entered the White House the nationrsquos dangerous rivalry with the SovietUnion continued to intensify As a result the new president had to devote much of

Like millions of other Americans in late October 1962 Tami Gold was having trouble concentrating

on anything For several tension-filled days that fall the world seemed headed for nuclear destruc-

tion US officials had discovered that the Soviet Union had placed missiles in Cubamdasha mere 90 miles

(145 km) from the shores of the United States When the Soviets refused to remove the weapons a

bitter weeklong standoff ensued in which the two superpowers hurled threats and warnings at each

other and moved to the brink of nuclear war Gold then a seventh-grade student in Long Island New

York recalled the events of one particular day

ldquoI remember I was in the bathroom of the school when they had said over the loud speaker

that everyone had to return to their homerooms immediately and get instruction from their homeroom

teacher And it was probably one of the scariest moments of my life it was like the sensation that our

country could go to war and I didnrsquot understand at all what it was about but the fact that the country

could go to war at any moment was really really present It was chilling it was scary it was really

nauseating rdquomdashquoted in Collective Memories of the Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK and the Cold War

Main IdeaAs president John F Kennedy had toconfront the challenges and fears of theCold War

Key Terms and Namesflexible response Peace Corps spacerace Berlin Wall Warren Commission

Reading StrategySequencing As you read about the crisesof the Cold War complete a time linesimilar to the one below to record themajor events of the Cold War in the late1950s and early 1960s

Reading Objectives bull Describe Kennedyrsquos plan for the armed

forcesbull Explain how the Cold War influenced

foreign aid and the space program

Section ThemeScience and Technology During theCold War the nation devoted much of itsscientific and technological resources tocompeting with the Soviet Union espe-cially in getting to the moon

Jan1959

Aug1963

1961 1963

April 1961Bay of Pigs invasion

October 1962Cuban missile crisis

September 1963Senate ratifies LimitedTest Ban Treaty

November 22 1963Kennedy assassinated

AV-846

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11859373

his energy in foreign policy matters to guiding thenation through the deepening Cold War

Kennedy appeared ready to stand up to theSoviets Upon taking the oath of office the new pres-ident devoted much of his Inaugural Address to therole of the United States in a divided world

ldquoLet the word go forth from this time and

place that the torch has been passed to a new

generation of Americansmdashborn in this century tem-

pered by war disciplined by a hard and bitter peace

proud of our ancient heritagemdashand unwilling to wit-

ness or permit the slow undoing of those human

rights to which this nation has always been commit-

ted Let every nation know whether it wishes us

well or ill that we shall pay any price bear any bur-

den meet any hardship support any friend oppose

any foe to assure the survival and the success of

libertyrdquomdashquoted in Let the Word Go Forth

Kennedy attempted to reduce the threat of nuclearwar and to stop the spread of communism with a rangeof programs These included a conventional weaponryprogram economic aid and the Peace Corps

A More Flexible Response Kennedy took office at atime of growing global instability Nationalism wasexploding throughout the developing world and theSoviet Union actively supported ldquowars of national lib-erationrdquo Newsweek magazine wrote that the ldquogreatestsingle problem that faces John Kennedy is how tomeet the aggressive power of the Communist blocrdquo

Kennedy felt that Eisenhower had relied too heav-ily on nuclear weapons which could only be used inextreme situations To allow for a ldquoflexible responserdquoif nations needed help against Communist move-ments the president pushed for a buildup of conven-tional troops and weapons Although costly a flexibleresponse plan would allow the United States to fight alimited style of warfare

In adopting this plan Kennedy supported theSpecial Forces a small army unit created in the 1950sto wage guerrilla warfare in limited conflictsKennedy expanded it and allowed the soldiers towear their distinctive ldquoGreen Beretrdquo headgear

Aid to Other Countries One area of the world whereKennedy wanted to renew diplomatic focus was LatinAmerica Conditions in much of Latin American soci-ety were not good Governments were often in thehands of the wealthy few and many of their citizens

lived in extreme poverty In some Latin Americancountries these conditions spurred the growth of left-wing movements aimed at overthrowing their govern-ments When the United States was involved in LatinAmerica it was usually to help existing governmentsstay in power in order to prevent Communist move-ments from flourishing Poor Latin Americans resentedthis intrusion just as they resented American corpora-tions that had business operations in their countries apresence that was seen as a kind of imperialism

To improve relations between the United Statesand Latin America President Kennedy proposed anAlliance for Progress a series of cooperative aidprojects with Latin American governments Thealliance was designed to create a ldquofree and prosper-ous Latin Americardquo that would be less likely to sup-port Communist-inspired revolutions

Over a 10-year period the United States pledged$20 billion to help Latin American countries establishbetter schools housing health care and fairer landdistribution The results were mixed In some coun-triesmdashnotably Chile Colombia Venezuela and theCentral American republicsmdashthe alliance did pro-mote real reform In others governing rulers used themoney to keep themselves in power

The Peace Corps Another program aimed at helpingless developed nations fight poverty was the PeaceCorps an organization that sent young Americans toperform humanitarian services in these countries

After rigorous training volunteers spent twoyears in countries that had requested assistanceThey laid out sewage systems in Bolivia and trainedmedical technicians in Chad Others taught English orhelped to build roads By late 1963 thousands of PeaceCorps volunteers were serving in over 30 countriesToday the Peace Corps is still active and remains oneof Kennedyrsquos most enduring legacies

TECHNOLOGY

The Cold War Moves IntoSpace President Kennedysought to increase the coun-tryrsquos presence not onlyaround the world but also inspace With Cold War ten-sions continuing to rise theUnited States and the SovietUnion engaged in a spaceracemdashvying for dominanceof the heavens to enhancetheir competitive positionson Earth

Student WebActivity Visit theAmerican Vision Website at tavglencoecomand click on StudentWeb ActivitiesmdashChapter 28 for anactivity on the NewFrontier

HISTORY

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 847

AV-847

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30825934

848 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Space ProgramThe space program expanded significantly

when President Kennedy announced his deter-

mination to beat the Soviets to the moon By

the time Neil Armstrong and Edwin (ldquoBuzzrdquo)

Aldrin walked on the moon in 1969 the

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) had spent over

$33 billion Since that time NASA expendi-

tures have affected far more than space

missions NASA research findings have

advanced knowledge of the nature of the

universe and people have applied them

to many technical fields and manufac-

turing processes

Moon boot material developed for

the space program is used

in many running shoes It has

improved shock absorption and

provides superior stability and

motion control

Kennedy was determined that the first humans toreach the moon would be Americans not RussiansIn 1961 he recommended to Congress that ldquothisnation should commit itself to achieving the goalbefore this decade is out of landing a man on themoonrdquo Kennedyrsquos dream was realized in July 1969during Richard Nixonrsquos first administration whenastronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person toset foot on the moon

Examining What global challengesdid Kennedy face during his presidency

Crises of the Cold WarPresident Kennedyrsquos efforts to combat Communist

influence in other countries led to some of the mostintense crises of the Cold War At times these crisesleft Americans and people in many other nationswondering whether the world would survive

The Bay of Pigs The first crisis occurred in Cubaonly 90 miles (145 km) from American shoresThere Fidel Castro had overthrown the corruptCuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 Almost

immediately Castro established ties with the SovietUnion instituted drastic land reforms and seizedforeign-owned businesses many of them AmericanCubarsquos alliance with the Soviets worried manyAmericans The Communists were now too close forcomfort and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev wasalso expressing his intent to strengthen Cuba militarily

Fearing that the Soviets would use Cuba as abase from which to spread revolution throughoutthe Western Hemisphere President Eisenhowerhad authorized the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) to secretly train and arm Cuban exilesknown as La Brigada to invade the island Theinvasion was intended to touch off a popular upris-ing against Castro

When Kennedy became president his advisersapproved the plan In office fewer than threemonths and trusting his experts Kennedy agreedto the operation with some changes On April 171961 1400 armed Cuban exiles landed at the Bayof Pigs on the south coast of Cuba The invasionwas a disaster La Brigadarsquos boats ran aground oncoral reefs Kennedy cancelled their air support tokeep United States involvement a secret and the

Reading Check

AV-848

null

14403761

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 849

A communications satellite now in develop-

ment will provide better telephone television and

data service between western Europe the Americas

and Africa Another communications satellite has improved

ship-to-shore communications which used to be interrupted

frequently by bad weather

Increased Safety Remote-controlled robots reduce human

injury levels because they can perform

hazardous tasks men and women used

to carry out Robots can also perform

operations no human being ever could

such as volcano research on the Puna

Ridge of Kilauea Hawaii

Assistance for People With DisabilitiesThe NASA tele-operator and robot technology was used to develop a voice-

controlled wheelchair and manipulator Using a minicomputer the wheel-

chair responds to 35 single-word voice commands helping physically

challenged people perform tasks like picking up packages opening

doors and turning on appliances

expected popular uprising never happened Withintwo days Castrorsquos forces killed or captured almostall the members of La Brigada

The Bay of Pigs was a dark moment for theKennedy administration The action exposed anAmerican plot to overthrow a neighborrsquos govern-ment and the outcome made the United States lookweak and disorganized

The Berlin Wall Goes Up Still reeling from the Bayof Pigs fiasco Kennedy faced another foreign policychallenge beginning in June 1961 when he met withKhrushchev in Vienna Austria The Soviet leaderwas determined to test the resolve of the young pres-ident Khrushchev also wanted to stop the flood ofGermans pouring out of Communist East Germanyinto West Berlin He demanded that the Westernpowers recognize East Germany and that the UnitedStates Great Britain and France withdraw fromBerlin a city lying completely within East GermanyKennedy refused and reaffirmed the Westrsquos commit-ment to West Berlin

Khrushchev retaliated by building a wall throughBerlin blocking movement between the Soviet sector

and the rest of the city Guards posted along the wallshot at many of those attempting to escape from theEast For nearly 30 years afterward the Berlin Wallstood as a visible symbol of the Cold War divisionbetween East and West

The Cuban Missile Crisis By far the most terrifyingcrisis of the Kennedy era occurred the next year Onceagain the crisis dealt with Cuba Over the summer of1962 American intelligence agencies learned thatSoviet technicians and equipment had arrived in Cubaand that military construction was in progress Thenon October 22 President Kennedy announced on tele-vision that American spy planes had taken aerial pho-tographs showing that the Soviet Union had placedlong-range missiles in Cuba Enemy missiles stationedso close to the United States posed a dangerous threat

Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop theSoviets from delivering more missiles demanded thatthey dismantle existing missile sites and warned thatif any weapons were launched against the UnitedStates he would respond fully against the SovietUnion Still work on the missile sites continuedNuclear holocaust seemed imminent

AV-849

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15401736

Then after a flurry of secret negotiations theSoviet Union offered a deal It would remove the mis-siles if the United States promised not to invadeCuba and to remove its missiles from Turkey near theSoviet border As American officials considered theoffer letters and cables flew between the two leadersand their chief advisers

The reality was that neither Kennedy norKhrushchev wanted nuclear war ldquoOnly lunatics who themselves want to perish and before they diedestroy the world could do thisrdquo wrote the Sovietleader Still the dangerous standoff persisted OnOctober 28 the leaders reached an agreementKennedy publicly agreed not to invade Cuba and pri-vately agreed to remove the Turkish missiles theSoviets agreed to remove their missiles from CubaThe world could breathe again

The Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis TheCuban missile crisis brought the world closer tonuclear war than at any time since World War IIBoth the United States and the Soviet Union hadbeen forced to consider the consequences of such awar In the following months each country seemedready to work to lessen world tensions In August1963 the United States and the Soviet Union con-cluded years of negotiation by agreeing to a treatyto ban the testing of nuclear weapons in the

atmospheremdashthe first step toward mutual armsreduction since the beginning of the Cold War

In the long run however the missile crisis hadominous consequences The humiliating retreat theUnited States forced upon the Soviet leadershipundermined the position of Nikita Khrushchev andcontributed to his fall from power a year later Thenew leadership was less interested in reaching agree-ments with the West Perhaps more important thecrisis gave the Soviets evidence of their military infe-riority and helped produce a dramatic Soviet armsbuildup over the next two decades This buildup con-tributed to a comparable military increase in theUnited States in the early 1980s For a time the armsrace undermined American support for negotiatingwith the Soviets

Summarizing How was the Cubanmissile crisis resolved

The Death of a PresidentSoon after the Senate ratified the test ban treaty

John F Kennedyrsquos presidency came to a shocking andtragic end On November 22 1963 Kennedy and hiswife traveled to Texas with Vice President LyndonJohnson for a series of political appearances As thepresidential motorcade rode slowly through the

Reading Check

Cold War Peak Fears of communism peaked during theCuban missile crisis Routine reconnaissance flights over Cubarevealed the construction of missile sites fueling facilities andlaunch pads What steps did Kennedy take to deal with the

crisis

History

AV-850

null

16906535

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-851

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12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-852

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1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

AV-853

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1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

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11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

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2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

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1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

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24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

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CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

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13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 10: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 845

Checking for Understanding1 Define missile gap reapportionment

due process2 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren3 Summarize the progress made for

womenrsquos rights during Kennedyrsquosadministration

Reviewing Themes4 Civic Rights and Responsibilities

Name three decisions of the WarrenCourt that protected civil rights

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting In what way was the 1960

presidential election a turning point incampaign history

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list theeconomic policies of the Kennedyadministration

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Charts Study the chart of

Warren Court decisions on page 844How did the Court expand the rights ofthe accused Were these sound deci-sions Why or why not

Economic

Policies

suspect must be allowed access to a lawyer and mustbe informed of his or her right to remain silent beforebeing questioned by the police Miranda v Arizona(1966) went even further requiring that authoritiesimmediately give suspects a fourfold warning Thewarning consisted of informing suspects that theyhave the right to remain silent that anything they saycan and will be used against them in court that theyhave a right to a lawyer while being questioned andthat if they cannot afford a lawyer the court willappoint one for them Today these warnings areknown as the Miranda rights (See pages 1081ndash1082for more information on Mapp v Ohio Gideon v Wainwright

Escobedo v Illinois and Miranda v Arizona)Many citizens and police departments and even

some of the Supreme Court justices accused theWarren Court of favoring criminals Others cheeredthe decisions seeing them as promoting the rightsof all citizens even the less privileged

Prayer and Privacy The Supreme Court alsohanded down decisions that reaffirmed the separa-tion of church and state The Court applied the FirstAmendment to the states in Engel v Vitale (1962) Inthis ruling the Court decided that states could notcompose official prayers and require those prayers tobe recited in state public schools The following yearin Abington School District v Schempp it ruled againststate-mandated Bible readings in public schoolsWeighing in on another controversial issue the Courtruled in Griswold v Connecticut (1965) that prohibit-ing the sale and use of birth control devices violatedcitizensrsquo constitutional right to privacy (See pages1080ndash1081 for more information on these Supreme Court cases)

As with most rulings of the Warren Court thesedecisions delighted some and deeply disturbed others What most people did agree upon howeverwas the Courtrsquos pivotal role in shaping nationalpolicy The Warren Court wrote New York Timescolumnist Anthony Lewis ldquohas brought aboutmore social change than most Congresses and mostPresidentsrdquo

From the political arena to the legal system to peoplersquos everyday lives the Warren Court indeed leftits imprint on the nation Meanwhile away from thedomestic arena President Kennedy worked to makehis mark on the countryrsquos foreign affairs during a timeof rising Cold War tensions

Examining What was the signifi-cance of the Warren Courtrsquos ldquoOne Man One Voterdquo ruling

Reading Check

Activist Court The Warren Court poses for its official portrait in 1962with Chief Justice Earl Warren front and center

8 Expository Writing In his InauguralAddress President Kennedy asked hisfellow Americans to ldquoAsk what you cando for your countryrdquo Respond to thisstatement in an essay

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-845

null

16206386

May 1961Kennedy informs Congress ofmoon expedition goal

846 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

1962 1964

Kennedy Confronts Global Challenges The Cuban missile crisis as the standoff came to be called may have been the most

dramatic foreign policy episode Kennedy faced It was not the only one however AsKennedy entered the White House the nationrsquos dangerous rivalry with the SovietUnion continued to intensify As a result the new president had to devote much of

Like millions of other Americans in late October 1962 Tami Gold was having trouble concentrating

on anything For several tension-filled days that fall the world seemed headed for nuclear destruc-

tion US officials had discovered that the Soviet Union had placed missiles in Cubamdasha mere 90 miles

(145 km) from the shores of the United States When the Soviets refused to remove the weapons a

bitter weeklong standoff ensued in which the two superpowers hurled threats and warnings at each

other and moved to the brink of nuclear war Gold then a seventh-grade student in Long Island New

York recalled the events of one particular day

ldquoI remember I was in the bathroom of the school when they had said over the loud speaker

that everyone had to return to their homerooms immediately and get instruction from their homeroom

teacher And it was probably one of the scariest moments of my life it was like the sensation that our

country could go to war and I didnrsquot understand at all what it was about but the fact that the country

could go to war at any moment was really really present It was chilling it was scary it was really

nauseating rdquomdashquoted in Collective Memories of the Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK and the Cold War

Main IdeaAs president John F Kennedy had toconfront the challenges and fears of theCold War

Key Terms and Namesflexible response Peace Corps spacerace Berlin Wall Warren Commission

Reading StrategySequencing As you read about the crisesof the Cold War complete a time linesimilar to the one below to record themajor events of the Cold War in the late1950s and early 1960s

Reading Objectives bull Describe Kennedyrsquos plan for the armed

forcesbull Explain how the Cold War influenced

foreign aid and the space program

Section ThemeScience and Technology During theCold War the nation devoted much of itsscientific and technological resources tocompeting with the Soviet Union espe-cially in getting to the moon

Jan1959

Aug1963

1961 1963

April 1961Bay of Pigs invasion

October 1962Cuban missile crisis

September 1963Senate ratifies LimitedTest Ban Treaty

November 22 1963Kennedy assassinated

AV-846

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11859373

his energy in foreign policy matters to guiding thenation through the deepening Cold War

Kennedy appeared ready to stand up to theSoviets Upon taking the oath of office the new pres-ident devoted much of his Inaugural Address to therole of the United States in a divided world

ldquoLet the word go forth from this time and

place that the torch has been passed to a new

generation of Americansmdashborn in this century tem-

pered by war disciplined by a hard and bitter peace

proud of our ancient heritagemdashand unwilling to wit-

ness or permit the slow undoing of those human

rights to which this nation has always been commit-

ted Let every nation know whether it wishes us

well or ill that we shall pay any price bear any bur-

den meet any hardship support any friend oppose

any foe to assure the survival and the success of

libertyrdquomdashquoted in Let the Word Go Forth

Kennedy attempted to reduce the threat of nuclearwar and to stop the spread of communism with a rangeof programs These included a conventional weaponryprogram economic aid and the Peace Corps

A More Flexible Response Kennedy took office at atime of growing global instability Nationalism wasexploding throughout the developing world and theSoviet Union actively supported ldquowars of national lib-erationrdquo Newsweek magazine wrote that the ldquogreatestsingle problem that faces John Kennedy is how tomeet the aggressive power of the Communist blocrdquo

Kennedy felt that Eisenhower had relied too heav-ily on nuclear weapons which could only be used inextreme situations To allow for a ldquoflexible responserdquoif nations needed help against Communist move-ments the president pushed for a buildup of conven-tional troops and weapons Although costly a flexibleresponse plan would allow the United States to fight alimited style of warfare

In adopting this plan Kennedy supported theSpecial Forces a small army unit created in the 1950sto wage guerrilla warfare in limited conflictsKennedy expanded it and allowed the soldiers towear their distinctive ldquoGreen Beretrdquo headgear

Aid to Other Countries One area of the world whereKennedy wanted to renew diplomatic focus was LatinAmerica Conditions in much of Latin American soci-ety were not good Governments were often in thehands of the wealthy few and many of their citizens

lived in extreme poverty In some Latin Americancountries these conditions spurred the growth of left-wing movements aimed at overthrowing their govern-ments When the United States was involved in LatinAmerica it was usually to help existing governmentsstay in power in order to prevent Communist move-ments from flourishing Poor Latin Americans resentedthis intrusion just as they resented American corpora-tions that had business operations in their countries apresence that was seen as a kind of imperialism

To improve relations between the United Statesand Latin America President Kennedy proposed anAlliance for Progress a series of cooperative aidprojects with Latin American governments Thealliance was designed to create a ldquofree and prosper-ous Latin Americardquo that would be less likely to sup-port Communist-inspired revolutions

Over a 10-year period the United States pledged$20 billion to help Latin American countries establishbetter schools housing health care and fairer landdistribution The results were mixed In some coun-triesmdashnotably Chile Colombia Venezuela and theCentral American republicsmdashthe alliance did pro-mote real reform In others governing rulers used themoney to keep themselves in power

The Peace Corps Another program aimed at helpingless developed nations fight poverty was the PeaceCorps an organization that sent young Americans toperform humanitarian services in these countries

After rigorous training volunteers spent twoyears in countries that had requested assistanceThey laid out sewage systems in Bolivia and trainedmedical technicians in Chad Others taught English orhelped to build roads By late 1963 thousands of PeaceCorps volunteers were serving in over 30 countriesToday the Peace Corps is still active and remains oneof Kennedyrsquos most enduring legacies

TECHNOLOGY

The Cold War Moves IntoSpace President Kennedysought to increase the coun-tryrsquos presence not onlyaround the world but also inspace With Cold War ten-sions continuing to rise theUnited States and the SovietUnion engaged in a spaceracemdashvying for dominanceof the heavens to enhancetheir competitive positionson Earth

Student WebActivity Visit theAmerican Vision Website at tavglencoecomand click on StudentWeb ActivitiesmdashChapter 28 for anactivity on the NewFrontier

HISTORY

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 847

AV-847

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30825934

848 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Space ProgramThe space program expanded significantly

when President Kennedy announced his deter-

mination to beat the Soviets to the moon By

the time Neil Armstrong and Edwin (ldquoBuzzrdquo)

Aldrin walked on the moon in 1969 the

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) had spent over

$33 billion Since that time NASA expendi-

tures have affected far more than space

missions NASA research findings have

advanced knowledge of the nature of the

universe and people have applied them

to many technical fields and manufac-

turing processes

Moon boot material developed for

the space program is used

in many running shoes It has

improved shock absorption and

provides superior stability and

motion control

Kennedy was determined that the first humans toreach the moon would be Americans not RussiansIn 1961 he recommended to Congress that ldquothisnation should commit itself to achieving the goalbefore this decade is out of landing a man on themoonrdquo Kennedyrsquos dream was realized in July 1969during Richard Nixonrsquos first administration whenastronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person toset foot on the moon

Examining What global challengesdid Kennedy face during his presidency

Crises of the Cold WarPresident Kennedyrsquos efforts to combat Communist

influence in other countries led to some of the mostintense crises of the Cold War At times these crisesleft Americans and people in many other nationswondering whether the world would survive

The Bay of Pigs The first crisis occurred in Cubaonly 90 miles (145 km) from American shoresThere Fidel Castro had overthrown the corruptCuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 Almost

immediately Castro established ties with the SovietUnion instituted drastic land reforms and seizedforeign-owned businesses many of them AmericanCubarsquos alliance with the Soviets worried manyAmericans The Communists were now too close forcomfort and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev wasalso expressing his intent to strengthen Cuba militarily

Fearing that the Soviets would use Cuba as abase from which to spread revolution throughoutthe Western Hemisphere President Eisenhowerhad authorized the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) to secretly train and arm Cuban exilesknown as La Brigada to invade the island Theinvasion was intended to touch off a popular upris-ing against Castro

When Kennedy became president his advisersapproved the plan In office fewer than threemonths and trusting his experts Kennedy agreedto the operation with some changes On April 171961 1400 armed Cuban exiles landed at the Bayof Pigs on the south coast of Cuba The invasionwas a disaster La Brigadarsquos boats ran aground oncoral reefs Kennedy cancelled their air support tokeep United States involvement a secret and the

Reading Check

AV-848

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14403761

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 849

A communications satellite now in develop-

ment will provide better telephone television and

data service between western Europe the Americas

and Africa Another communications satellite has improved

ship-to-shore communications which used to be interrupted

frequently by bad weather

Increased Safety Remote-controlled robots reduce human

injury levels because they can perform

hazardous tasks men and women used

to carry out Robots can also perform

operations no human being ever could

such as volcano research on the Puna

Ridge of Kilauea Hawaii

Assistance for People With DisabilitiesThe NASA tele-operator and robot technology was used to develop a voice-

controlled wheelchair and manipulator Using a minicomputer the wheel-

chair responds to 35 single-word voice commands helping physically

challenged people perform tasks like picking up packages opening

doors and turning on appliances

expected popular uprising never happened Withintwo days Castrorsquos forces killed or captured almostall the members of La Brigada

The Bay of Pigs was a dark moment for theKennedy administration The action exposed anAmerican plot to overthrow a neighborrsquos govern-ment and the outcome made the United States lookweak and disorganized

The Berlin Wall Goes Up Still reeling from the Bayof Pigs fiasco Kennedy faced another foreign policychallenge beginning in June 1961 when he met withKhrushchev in Vienna Austria The Soviet leaderwas determined to test the resolve of the young pres-ident Khrushchev also wanted to stop the flood ofGermans pouring out of Communist East Germanyinto West Berlin He demanded that the Westernpowers recognize East Germany and that the UnitedStates Great Britain and France withdraw fromBerlin a city lying completely within East GermanyKennedy refused and reaffirmed the Westrsquos commit-ment to West Berlin

Khrushchev retaliated by building a wall throughBerlin blocking movement between the Soviet sector

and the rest of the city Guards posted along the wallshot at many of those attempting to escape from theEast For nearly 30 years afterward the Berlin Wallstood as a visible symbol of the Cold War divisionbetween East and West

The Cuban Missile Crisis By far the most terrifyingcrisis of the Kennedy era occurred the next year Onceagain the crisis dealt with Cuba Over the summer of1962 American intelligence agencies learned thatSoviet technicians and equipment had arrived in Cubaand that military construction was in progress Thenon October 22 President Kennedy announced on tele-vision that American spy planes had taken aerial pho-tographs showing that the Soviet Union had placedlong-range missiles in Cuba Enemy missiles stationedso close to the United States posed a dangerous threat

Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop theSoviets from delivering more missiles demanded thatthey dismantle existing missile sites and warned thatif any weapons were launched against the UnitedStates he would respond fully against the SovietUnion Still work on the missile sites continuedNuclear holocaust seemed imminent

AV-849

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15401736

Then after a flurry of secret negotiations theSoviet Union offered a deal It would remove the mis-siles if the United States promised not to invadeCuba and to remove its missiles from Turkey near theSoviet border As American officials considered theoffer letters and cables flew between the two leadersand their chief advisers

The reality was that neither Kennedy norKhrushchev wanted nuclear war ldquoOnly lunatics who themselves want to perish and before they diedestroy the world could do thisrdquo wrote the Sovietleader Still the dangerous standoff persisted OnOctober 28 the leaders reached an agreementKennedy publicly agreed not to invade Cuba and pri-vately agreed to remove the Turkish missiles theSoviets agreed to remove their missiles from CubaThe world could breathe again

The Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis TheCuban missile crisis brought the world closer tonuclear war than at any time since World War IIBoth the United States and the Soviet Union hadbeen forced to consider the consequences of such awar In the following months each country seemedready to work to lessen world tensions In August1963 the United States and the Soviet Union con-cluded years of negotiation by agreeing to a treatyto ban the testing of nuclear weapons in the

atmospheremdashthe first step toward mutual armsreduction since the beginning of the Cold War

In the long run however the missile crisis hadominous consequences The humiliating retreat theUnited States forced upon the Soviet leadershipundermined the position of Nikita Khrushchev andcontributed to his fall from power a year later Thenew leadership was less interested in reaching agree-ments with the West Perhaps more important thecrisis gave the Soviets evidence of their military infe-riority and helped produce a dramatic Soviet armsbuildup over the next two decades This buildup con-tributed to a comparable military increase in theUnited States in the early 1980s For a time the armsrace undermined American support for negotiatingwith the Soviets

Summarizing How was the Cubanmissile crisis resolved

The Death of a PresidentSoon after the Senate ratified the test ban treaty

John F Kennedyrsquos presidency came to a shocking andtragic end On November 22 1963 Kennedy and hiswife traveled to Texas with Vice President LyndonJohnson for a series of political appearances As thepresidential motorcade rode slowly through the

Reading Check

Cold War Peak Fears of communism peaked during theCuban missile crisis Routine reconnaissance flights over Cubarevealed the construction of missile sites fueling facilities andlaunch pads What steps did Kennedy take to deal with the

crisis

History

AV-850

null

16906535

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-851

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12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-852

null

1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

AV-853

null

1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

null

11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

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2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

null

24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

null

14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

null

13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Help
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Search - Full available on OS X and Windows in Reader 601
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Page 11: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

May 1961Kennedy informs Congress ofmoon expedition goal

846 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

1962 1964

Kennedy Confronts Global Challenges The Cuban missile crisis as the standoff came to be called may have been the most

dramatic foreign policy episode Kennedy faced It was not the only one however AsKennedy entered the White House the nationrsquos dangerous rivalry with the SovietUnion continued to intensify As a result the new president had to devote much of

Like millions of other Americans in late October 1962 Tami Gold was having trouble concentrating

on anything For several tension-filled days that fall the world seemed headed for nuclear destruc-

tion US officials had discovered that the Soviet Union had placed missiles in Cubamdasha mere 90 miles

(145 km) from the shores of the United States When the Soviets refused to remove the weapons a

bitter weeklong standoff ensued in which the two superpowers hurled threats and warnings at each

other and moved to the brink of nuclear war Gold then a seventh-grade student in Long Island New

York recalled the events of one particular day

ldquoI remember I was in the bathroom of the school when they had said over the loud speaker

that everyone had to return to their homerooms immediately and get instruction from their homeroom

teacher And it was probably one of the scariest moments of my life it was like the sensation that our

country could go to war and I didnrsquot understand at all what it was about but the fact that the country

could go to war at any moment was really really present It was chilling it was scary it was really

nauseating rdquomdashquoted in Collective Memories of the Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK and the Cold War

Main IdeaAs president John F Kennedy had toconfront the challenges and fears of theCold War

Key Terms and Namesflexible response Peace Corps spacerace Berlin Wall Warren Commission

Reading StrategySequencing As you read about the crisesof the Cold War complete a time linesimilar to the one below to record themajor events of the Cold War in the late1950s and early 1960s

Reading Objectives bull Describe Kennedyrsquos plan for the armed

forcesbull Explain how the Cold War influenced

foreign aid and the space program

Section ThemeScience and Technology During theCold War the nation devoted much of itsscientific and technological resources tocompeting with the Soviet Union espe-cially in getting to the moon

Jan1959

Aug1963

1961 1963

April 1961Bay of Pigs invasion

October 1962Cuban missile crisis

September 1963Senate ratifies LimitedTest Ban Treaty

November 22 1963Kennedy assassinated

AV-846

null

11859373

his energy in foreign policy matters to guiding thenation through the deepening Cold War

Kennedy appeared ready to stand up to theSoviets Upon taking the oath of office the new pres-ident devoted much of his Inaugural Address to therole of the United States in a divided world

ldquoLet the word go forth from this time and

place that the torch has been passed to a new

generation of Americansmdashborn in this century tem-

pered by war disciplined by a hard and bitter peace

proud of our ancient heritagemdashand unwilling to wit-

ness or permit the slow undoing of those human

rights to which this nation has always been commit-

ted Let every nation know whether it wishes us

well or ill that we shall pay any price bear any bur-

den meet any hardship support any friend oppose

any foe to assure the survival and the success of

libertyrdquomdashquoted in Let the Word Go Forth

Kennedy attempted to reduce the threat of nuclearwar and to stop the spread of communism with a rangeof programs These included a conventional weaponryprogram economic aid and the Peace Corps

A More Flexible Response Kennedy took office at atime of growing global instability Nationalism wasexploding throughout the developing world and theSoviet Union actively supported ldquowars of national lib-erationrdquo Newsweek magazine wrote that the ldquogreatestsingle problem that faces John Kennedy is how tomeet the aggressive power of the Communist blocrdquo

Kennedy felt that Eisenhower had relied too heav-ily on nuclear weapons which could only be used inextreme situations To allow for a ldquoflexible responserdquoif nations needed help against Communist move-ments the president pushed for a buildup of conven-tional troops and weapons Although costly a flexibleresponse plan would allow the United States to fight alimited style of warfare

In adopting this plan Kennedy supported theSpecial Forces a small army unit created in the 1950sto wage guerrilla warfare in limited conflictsKennedy expanded it and allowed the soldiers towear their distinctive ldquoGreen Beretrdquo headgear

Aid to Other Countries One area of the world whereKennedy wanted to renew diplomatic focus was LatinAmerica Conditions in much of Latin American soci-ety were not good Governments were often in thehands of the wealthy few and many of their citizens

lived in extreme poverty In some Latin Americancountries these conditions spurred the growth of left-wing movements aimed at overthrowing their govern-ments When the United States was involved in LatinAmerica it was usually to help existing governmentsstay in power in order to prevent Communist move-ments from flourishing Poor Latin Americans resentedthis intrusion just as they resented American corpora-tions that had business operations in their countries apresence that was seen as a kind of imperialism

To improve relations between the United Statesand Latin America President Kennedy proposed anAlliance for Progress a series of cooperative aidprojects with Latin American governments Thealliance was designed to create a ldquofree and prosper-ous Latin Americardquo that would be less likely to sup-port Communist-inspired revolutions

Over a 10-year period the United States pledged$20 billion to help Latin American countries establishbetter schools housing health care and fairer landdistribution The results were mixed In some coun-triesmdashnotably Chile Colombia Venezuela and theCentral American republicsmdashthe alliance did pro-mote real reform In others governing rulers used themoney to keep themselves in power

The Peace Corps Another program aimed at helpingless developed nations fight poverty was the PeaceCorps an organization that sent young Americans toperform humanitarian services in these countries

After rigorous training volunteers spent twoyears in countries that had requested assistanceThey laid out sewage systems in Bolivia and trainedmedical technicians in Chad Others taught English orhelped to build roads By late 1963 thousands of PeaceCorps volunteers were serving in over 30 countriesToday the Peace Corps is still active and remains oneof Kennedyrsquos most enduring legacies

TECHNOLOGY

The Cold War Moves IntoSpace President Kennedysought to increase the coun-tryrsquos presence not onlyaround the world but also inspace With Cold War ten-sions continuing to rise theUnited States and the SovietUnion engaged in a spaceracemdashvying for dominanceof the heavens to enhancetheir competitive positionson Earth

Student WebActivity Visit theAmerican Vision Website at tavglencoecomand click on StudentWeb ActivitiesmdashChapter 28 for anactivity on the NewFrontier

HISTORY

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 847

AV-847

null

30825934

848 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Space ProgramThe space program expanded significantly

when President Kennedy announced his deter-

mination to beat the Soviets to the moon By

the time Neil Armstrong and Edwin (ldquoBuzzrdquo)

Aldrin walked on the moon in 1969 the

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) had spent over

$33 billion Since that time NASA expendi-

tures have affected far more than space

missions NASA research findings have

advanced knowledge of the nature of the

universe and people have applied them

to many technical fields and manufac-

turing processes

Moon boot material developed for

the space program is used

in many running shoes It has

improved shock absorption and

provides superior stability and

motion control

Kennedy was determined that the first humans toreach the moon would be Americans not RussiansIn 1961 he recommended to Congress that ldquothisnation should commit itself to achieving the goalbefore this decade is out of landing a man on themoonrdquo Kennedyrsquos dream was realized in July 1969during Richard Nixonrsquos first administration whenastronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person toset foot on the moon

Examining What global challengesdid Kennedy face during his presidency

Crises of the Cold WarPresident Kennedyrsquos efforts to combat Communist

influence in other countries led to some of the mostintense crises of the Cold War At times these crisesleft Americans and people in many other nationswondering whether the world would survive

The Bay of Pigs The first crisis occurred in Cubaonly 90 miles (145 km) from American shoresThere Fidel Castro had overthrown the corruptCuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 Almost

immediately Castro established ties with the SovietUnion instituted drastic land reforms and seizedforeign-owned businesses many of them AmericanCubarsquos alliance with the Soviets worried manyAmericans The Communists were now too close forcomfort and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev wasalso expressing his intent to strengthen Cuba militarily

Fearing that the Soviets would use Cuba as abase from which to spread revolution throughoutthe Western Hemisphere President Eisenhowerhad authorized the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) to secretly train and arm Cuban exilesknown as La Brigada to invade the island Theinvasion was intended to touch off a popular upris-ing against Castro

When Kennedy became president his advisersapproved the plan In office fewer than threemonths and trusting his experts Kennedy agreedto the operation with some changes On April 171961 1400 armed Cuban exiles landed at the Bayof Pigs on the south coast of Cuba The invasionwas a disaster La Brigadarsquos boats ran aground oncoral reefs Kennedy cancelled their air support tokeep United States involvement a secret and the

Reading Check

AV-848

null

14403761

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 849

A communications satellite now in develop-

ment will provide better telephone television and

data service between western Europe the Americas

and Africa Another communications satellite has improved

ship-to-shore communications which used to be interrupted

frequently by bad weather

Increased Safety Remote-controlled robots reduce human

injury levels because they can perform

hazardous tasks men and women used

to carry out Robots can also perform

operations no human being ever could

such as volcano research on the Puna

Ridge of Kilauea Hawaii

Assistance for People With DisabilitiesThe NASA tele-operator and robot technology was used to develop a voice-

controlled wheelchair and manipulator Using a minicomputer the wheel-

chair responds to 35 single-word voice commands helping physically

challenged people perform tasks like picking up packages opening

doors and turning on appliances

expected popular uprising never happened Withintwo days Castrorsquos forces killed or captured almostall the members of La Brigada

The Bay of Pigs was a dark moment for theKennedy administration The action exposed anAmerican plot to overthrow a neighborrsquos govern-ment and the outcome made the United States lookweak and disorganized

The Berlin Wall Goes Up Still reeling from the Bayof Pigs fiasco Kennedy faced another foreign policychallenge beginning in June 1961 when he met withKhrushchev in Vienna Austria The Soviet leaderwas determined to test the resolve of the young pres-ident Khrushchev also wanted to stop the flood ofGermans pouring out of Communist East Germanyinto West Berlin He demanded that the Westernpowers recognize East Germany and that the UnitedStates Great Britain and France withdraw fromBerlin a city lying completely within East GermanyKennedy refused and reaffirmed the Westrsquos commit-ment to West Berlin

Khrushchev retaliated by building a wall throughBerlin blocking movement between the Soviet sector

and the rest of the city Guards posted along the wallshot at many of those attempting to escape from theEast For nearly 30 years afterward the Berlin Wallstood as a visible symbol of the Cold War divisionbetween East and West

The Cuban Missile Crisis By far the most terrifyingcrisis of the Kennedy era occurred the next year Onceagain the crisis dealt with Cuba Over the summer of1962 American intelligence agencies learned thatSoviet technicians and equipment had arrived in Cubaand that military construction was in progress Thenon October 22 President Kennedy announced on tele-vision that American spy planes had taken aerial pho-tographs showing that the Soviet Union had placedlong-range missiles in Cuba Enemy missiles stationedso close to the United States posed a dangerous threat

Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop theSoviets from delivering more missiles demanded thatthey dismantle existing missile sites and warned thatif any weapons were launched against the UnitedStates he would respond fully against the SovietUnion Still work on the missile sites continuedNuclear holocaust seemed imminent

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Then after a flurry of secret negotiations theSoviet Union offered a deal It would remove the mis-siles if the United States promised not to invadeCuba and to remove its missiles from Turkey near theSoviet border As American officials considered theoffer letters and cables flew between the two leadersand their chief advisers

The reality was that neither Kennedy norKhrushchev wanted nuclear war ldquoOnly lunatics who themselves want to perish and before they diedestroy the world could do thisrdquo wrote the Sovietleader Still the dangerous standoff persisted OnOctober 28 the leaders reached an agreementKennedy publicly agreed not to invade Cuba and pri-vately agreed to remove the Turkish missiles theSoviets agreed to remove their missiles from CubaThe world could breathe again

The Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis TheCuban missile crisis brought the world closer tonuclear war than at any time since World War IIBoth the United States and the Soviet Union hadbeen forced to consider the consequences of such awar In the following months each country seemedready to work to lessen world tensions In August1963 the United States and the Soviet Union con-cluded years of negotiation by agreeing to a treatyto ban the testing of nuclear weapons in the

atmospheremdashthe first step toward mutual armsreduction since the beginning of the Cold War

In the long run however the missile crisis hadominous consequences The humiliating retreat theUnited States forced upon the Soviet leadershipundermined the position of Nikita Khrushchev andcontributed to his fall from power a year later Thenew leadership was less interested in reaching agree-ments with the West Perhaps more important thecrisis gave the Soviets evidence of their military infe-riority and helped produce a dramatic Soviet armsbuildup over the next two decades This buildup con-tributed to a comparable military increase in theUnited States in the early 1980s For a time the armsrace undermined American support for negotiatingwith the Soviets

Summarizing How was the Cubanmissile crisis resolved

The Death of a PresidentSoon after the Senate ratified the test ban treaty

John F Kennedyrsquos presidency came to a shocking andtragic end On November 22 1963 Kennedy and hiswife traveled to Texas with Vice President LyndonJohnson for a series of political appearances As thepresidential motorcade rode slowly through the

Reading Check

Cold War Peak Fears of communism peaked during theCuban missile crisis Routine reconnaissance flights over Cubarevealed the construction of missile sites fueling facilities andlaunch pads What steps did Kennedy take to deal with the

crisis

History

AV-850

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16906535

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-851

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12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-852

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1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

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1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

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11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

null

2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

null

24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

null

14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

null

13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 12: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

his energy in foreign policy matters to guiding thenation through the deepening Cold War

Kennedy appeared ready to stand up to theSoviets Upon taking the oath of office the new pres-ident devoted much of his Inaugural Address to therole of the United States in a divided world

ldquoLet the word go forth from this time and

place that the torch has been passed to a new

generation of Americansmdashborn in this century tem-

pered by war disciplined by a hard and bitter peace

proud of our ancient heritagemdashand unwilling to wit-

ness or permit the slow undoing of those human

rights to which this nation has always been commit-

ted Let every nation know whether it wishes us

well or ill that we shall pay any price bear any bur-

den meet any hardship support any friend oppose

any foe to assure the survival and the success of

libertyrdquomdashquoted in Let the Word Go Forth

Kennedy attempted to reduce the threat of nuclearwar and to stop the spread of communism with a rangeof programs These included a conventional weaponryprogram economic aid and the Peace Corps

A More Flexible Response Kennedy took office at atime of growing global instability Nationalism wasexploding throughout the developing world and theSoviet Union actively supported ldquowars of national lib-erationrdquo Newsweek magazine wrote that the ldquogreatestsingle problem that faces John Kennedy is how tomeet the aggressive power of the Communist blocrdquo

Kennedy felt that Eisenhower had relied too heav-ily on nuclear weapons which could only be used inextreme situations To allow for a ldquoflexible responserdquoif nations needed help against Communist move-ments the president pushed for a buildup of conven-tional troops and weapons Although costly a flexibleresponse plan would allow the United States to fight alimited style of warfare

In adopting this plan Kennedy supported theSpecial Forces a small army unit created in the 1950sto wage guerrilla warfare in limited conflictsKennedy expanded it and allowed the soldiers towear their distinctive ldquoGreen Beretrdquo headgear

Aid to Other Countries One area of the world whereKennedy wanted to renew diplomatic focus was LatinAmerica Conditions in much of Latin American soci-ety were not good Governments were often in thehands of the wealthy few and many of their citizens

lived in extreme poverty In some Latin Americancountries these conditions spurred the growth of left-wing movements aimed at overthrowing their govern-ments When the United States was involved in LatinAmerica it was usually to help existing governmentsstay in power in order to prevent Communist move-ments from flourishing Poor Latin Americans resentedthis intrusion just as they resented American corpora-tions that had business operations in their countries apresence that was seen as a kind of imperialism

To improve relations between the United Statesand Latin America President Kennedy proposed anAlliance for Progress a series of cooperative aidprojects with Latin American governments Thealliance was designed to create a ldquofree and prosper-ous Latin Americardquo that would be less likely to sup-port Communist-inspired revolutions

Over a 10-year period the United States pledged$20 billion to help Latin American countries establishbetter schools housing health care and fairer landdistribution The results were mixed In some coun-triesmdashnotably Chile Colombia Venezuela and theCentral American republicsmdashthe alliance did pro-mote real reform In others governing rulers used themoney to keep themselves in power

The Peace Corps Another program aimed at helpingless developed nations fight poverty was the PeaceCorps an organization that sent young Americans toperform humanitarian services in these countries

After rigorous training volunteers spent twoyears in countries that had requested assistanceThey laid out sewage systems in Bolivia and trainedmedical technicians in Chad Others taught English orhelped to build roads By late 1963 thousands of PeaceCorps volunteers were serving in over 30 countriesToday the Peace Corps is still active and remains oneof Kennedyrsquos most enduring legacies

TECHNOLOGY

The Cold War Moves IntoSpace President Kennedysought to increase the coun-tryrsquos presence not onlyaround the world but also inspace With Cold War ten-sions continuing to rise theUnited States and the SovietUnion engaged in a spaceracemdashvying for dominanceof the heavens to enhancetheir competitive positionson Earth

Student WebActivity Visit theAmerican Vision Website at tavglencoecomand click on StudentWeb ActivitiesmdashChapter 28 for anactivity on the NewFrontier

HISTORY

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 847

AV-847

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30825934

848 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Space ProgramThe space program expanded significantly

when President Kennedy announced his deter-

mination to beat the Soviets to the moon By

the time Neil Armstrong and Edwin (ldquoBuzzrdquo)

Aldrin walked on the moon in 1969 the

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) had spent over

$33 billion Since that time NASA expendi-

tures have affected far more than space

missions NASA research findings have

advanced knowledge of the nature of the

universe and people have applied them

to many technical fields and manufac-

turing processes

Moon boot material developed for

the space program is used

in many running shoes It has

improved shock absorption and

provides superior stability and

motion control

Kennedy was determined that the first humans toreach the moon would be Americans not RussiansIn 1961 he recommended to Congress that ldquothisnation should commit itself to achieving the goalbefore this decade is out of landing a man on themoonrdquo Kennedyrsquos dream was realized in July 1969during Richard Nixonrsquos first administration whenastronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person toset foot on the moon

Examining What global challengesdid Kennedy face during his presidency

Crises of the Cold WarPresident Kennedyrsquos efforts to combat Communist

influence in other countries led to some of the mostintense crises of the Cold War At times these crisesleft Americans and people in many other nationswondering whether the world would survive

The Bay of Pigs The first crisis occurred in Cubaonly 90 miles (145 km) from American shoresThere Fidel Castro had overthrown the corruptCuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 Almost

immediately Castro established ties with the SovietUnion instituted drastic land reforms and seizedforeign-owned businesses many of them AmericanCubarsquos alliance with the Soviets worried manyAmericans The Communists were now too close forcomfort and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev wasalso expressing his intent to strengthen Cuba militarily

Fearing that the Soviets would use Cuba as abase from which to spread revolution throughoutthe Western Hemisphere President Eisenhowerhad authorized the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) to secretly train and arm Cuban exilesknown as La Brigada to invade the island Theinvasion was intended to touch off a popular upris-ing against Castro

When Kennedy became president his advisersapproved the plan In office fewer than threemonths and trusting his experts Kennedy agreedto the operation with some changes On April 171961 1400 armed Cuban exiles landed at the Bayof Pigs on the south coast of Cuba The invasionwas a disaster La Brigadarsquos boats ran aground oncoral reefs Kennedy cancelled their air support tokeep United States involvement a secret and the

Reading Check

AV-848

null

14403761

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 849

A communications satellite now in develop-

ment will provide better telephone television and

data service between western Europe the Americas

and Africa Another communications satellite has improved

ship-to-shore communications which used to be interrupted

frequently by bad weather

Increased Safety Remote-controlled robots reduce human

injury levels because they can perform

hazardous tasks men and women used

to carry out Robots can also perform

operations no human being ever could

such as volcano research on the Puna

Ridge of Kilauea Hawaii

Assistance for People With DisabilitiesThe NASA tele-operator and robot technology was used to develop a voice-

controlled wheelchair and manipulator Using a minicomputer the wheel-

chair responds to 35 single-word voice commands helping physically

challenged people perform tasks like picking up packages opening

doors and turning on appliances

expected popular uprising never happened Withintwo days Castrorsquos forces killed or captured almostall the members of La Brigada

The Bay of Pigs was a dark moment for theKennedy administration The action exposed anAmerican plot to overthrow a neighborrsquos govern-ment and the outcome made the United States lookweak and disorganized

The Berlin Wall Goes Up Still reeling from the Bayof Pigs fiasco Kennedy faced another foreign policychallenge beginning in June 1961 when he met withKhrushchev in Vienna Austria The Soviet leaderwas determined to test the resolve of the young pres-ident Khrushchev also wanted to stop the flood ofGermans pouring out of Communist East Germanyinto West Berlin He demanded that the Westernpowers recognize East Germany and that the UnitedStates Great Britain and France withdraw fromBerlin a city lying completely within East GermanyKennedy refused and reaffirmed the Westrsquos commit-ment to West Berlin

Khrushchev retaliated by building a wall throughBerlin blocking movement between the Soviet sector

and the rest of the city Guards posted along the wallshot at many of those attempting to escape from theEast For nearly 30 years afterward the Berlin Wallstood as a visible symbol of the Cold War divisionbetween East and West

The Cuban Missile Crisis By far the most terrifyingcrisis of the Kennedy era occurred the next year Onceagain the crisis dealt with Cuba Over the summer of1962 American intelligence agencies learned thatSoviet technicians and equipment had arrived in Cubaand that military construction was in progress Thenon October 22 President Kennedy announced on tele-vision that American spy planes had taken aerial pho-tographs showing that the Soviet Union had placedlong-range missiles in Cuba Enemy missiles stationedso close to the United States posed a dangerous threat

Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop theSoviets from delivering more missiles demanded thatthey dismantle existing missile sites and warned thatif any weapons were launched against the UnitedStates he would respond fully against the SovietUnion Still work on the missile sites continuedNuclear holocaust seemed imminent

AV-849

null

15401736

Then after a flurry of secret negotiations theSoviet Union offered a deal It would remove the mis-siles if the United States promised not to invadeCuba and to remove its missiles from Turkey near theSoviet border As American officials considered theoffer letters and cables flew between the two leadersand their chief advisers

The reality was that neither Kennedy norKhrushchev wanted nuclear war ldquoOnly lunatics who themselves want to perish and before they diedestroy the world could do thisrdquo wrote the Sovietleader Still the dangerous standoff persisted OnOctober 28 the leaders reached an agreementKennedy publicly agreed not to invade Cuba and pri-vately agreed to remove the Turkish missiles theSoviets agreed to remove their missiles from CubaThe world could breathe again

The Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis TheCuban missile crisis brought the world closer tonuclear war than at any time since World War IIBoth the United States and the Soviet Union hadbeen forced to consider the consequences of such awar In the following months each country seemedready to work to lessen world tensions In August1963 the United States and the Soviet Union con-cluded years of negotiation by agreeing to a treatyto ban the testing of nuclear weapons in the

atmospheremdashthe first step toward mutual armsreduction since the beginning of the Cold War

In the long run however the missile crisis hadominous consequences The humiliating retreat theUnited States forced upon the Soviet leadershipundermined the position of Nikita Khrushchev andcontributed to his fall from power a year later Thenew leadership was less interested in reaching agree-ments with the West Perhaps more important thecrisis gave the Soviets evidence of their military infe-riority and helped produce a dramatic Soviet armsbuildup over the next two decades This buildup con-tributed to a comparable military increase in theUnited States in the early 1980s For a time the armsrace undermined American support for negotiatingwith the Soviets

Summarizing How was the Cubanmissile crisis resolved

The Death of a PresidentSoon after the Senate ratified the test ban treaty

John F Kennedyrsquos presidency came to a shocking andtragic end On November 22 1963 Kennedy and hiswife traveled to Texas with Vice President LyndonJohnson for a series of political appearances As thepresidential motorcade rode slowly through the

Reading Check

Cold War Peak Fears of communism peaked during theCuban missile crisis Routine reconnaissance flights over Cubarevealed the construction of missile sites fueling facilities andlaunch pads What steps did Kennedy take to deal with the

crisis

History

AV-850

null

16906535

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-851

null

12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-852

null

1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

AV-853

null

1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

null

11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

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2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

null

24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

null

14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

null

13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Help
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Page 13: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

848 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

The Space ProgramThe space program expanded significantly

when President Kennedy announced his deter-

mination to beat the Soviets to the moon By

the time Neil Armstrong and Edwin (ldquoBuzzrdquo)

Aldrin walked on the moon in 1969 the

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) had spent over

$33 billion Since that time NASA expendi-

tures have affected far more than space

missions NASA research findings have

advanced knowledge of the nature of the

universe and people have applied them

to many technical fields and manufac-

turing processes

Moon boot material developed for

the space program is used

in many running shoes It has

improved shock absorption and

provides superior stability and

motion control

Kennedy was determined that the first humans toreach the moon would be Americans not RussiansIn 1961 he recommended to Congress that ldquothisnation should commit itself to achieving the goalbefore this decade is out of landing a man on themoonrdquo Kennedyrsquos dream was realized in July 1969during Richard Nixonrsquos first administration whenastronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person toset foot on the moon

Examining What global challengesdid Kennedy face during his presidency

Crises of the Cold WarPresident Kennedyrsquos efforts to combat Communist

influence in other countries led to some of the mostintense crises of the Cold War At times these crisesleft Americans and people in many other nationswondering whether the world would survive

The Bay of Pigs The first crisis occurred in Cubaonly 90 miles (145 km) from American shoresThere Fidel Castro had overthrown the corruptCuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 Almost

immediately Castro established ties with the SovietUnion instituted drastic land reforms and seizedforeign-owned businesses many of them AmericanCubarsquos alliance with the Soviets worried manyAmericans The Communists were now too close forcomfort and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev wasalso expressing his intent to strengthen Cuba militarily

Fearing that the Soviets would use Cuba as abase from which to spread revolution throughoutthe Western Hemisphere President Eisenhowerhad authorized the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) to secretly train and arm Cuban exilesknown as La Brigada to invade the island Theinvasion was intended to touch off a popular upris-ing against Castro

When Kennedy became president his advisersapproved the plan In office fewer than threemonths and trusting his experts Kennedy agreedto the operation with some changes On April 171961 1400 armed Cuban exiles landed at the Bayof Pigs on the south coast of Cuba The invasionwas a disaster La Brigadarsquos boats ran aground oncoral reefs Kennedy cancelled their air support tokeep United States involvement a secret and the

Reading Check

AV-848

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14403761

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 849

A communications satellite now in develop-

ment will provide better telephone television and

data service between western Europe the Americas

and Africa Another communications satellite has improved

ship-to-shore communications which used to be interrupted

frequently by bad weather

Increased Safety Remote-controlled robots reduce human

injury levels because they can perform

hazardous tasks men and women used

to carry out Robots can also perform

operations no human being ever could

such as volcano research on the Puna

Ridge of Kilauea Hawaii

Assistance for People With DisabilitiesThe NASA tele-operator and robot technology was used to develop a voice-

controlled wheelchair and manipulator Using a minicomputer the wheel-

chair responds to 35 single-word voice commands helping physically

challenged people perform tasks like picking up packages opening

doors and turning on appliances

expected popular uprising never happened Withintwo days Castrorsquos forces killed or captured almostall the members of La Brigada

The Bay of Pigs was a dark moment for theKennedy administration The action exposed anAmerican plot to overthrow a neighborrsquos govern-ment and the outcome made the United States lookweak and disorganized

The Berlin Wall Goes Up Still reeling from the Bayof Pigs fiasco Kennedy faced another foreign policychallenge beginning in June 1961 when he met withKhrushchev in Vienna Austria The Soviet leaderwas determined to test the resolve of the young pres-ident Khrushchev also wanted to stop the flood ofGermans pouring out of Communist East Germanyinto West Berlin He demanded that the Westernpowers recognize East Germany and that the UnitedStates Great Britain and France withdraw fromBerlin a city lying completely within East GermanyKennedy refused and reaffirmed the Westrsquos commit-ment to West Berlin

Khrushchev retaliated by building a wall throughBerlin blocking movement between the Soviet sector

and the rest of the city Guards posted along the wallshot at many of those attempting to escape from theEast For nearly 30 years afterward the Berlin Wallstood as a visible symbol of the Cold War divisionbetween East and West

The Cuban Missile Crisis By far the most terrifyingcrisis of the Kennedy era occurred the next year Onceagain the crisis dealt with Cuba Over the summer of1962 American intelligence agencies learned thatSoviet technicians and equipment had arrived in Cubaand that military construction was in progress Thenon October 22 President Kennedy announced on tele-vision that American spy planes had taken aerial pho-tographs showing that the Soviet Union had placedlong-range missiles in Cuba Enemy missiles stationedso close to the United States posed a dangerous threat

Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop theSoviets from delivering more missiles demanded thatthey dismantle existing missile sites and warned thatif any weapons were launched against the UnitedStates he would respond fully against the SovietUnion Still work on the missile sites continuedNuclear holocaust seemed imminent

AV-849

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15401736

Then after a flurry of secret negotiations theSoviet Union offered a deal It would remove the mis-siles if the United States promised not to invadeCuba and to remove its missiles from Turkey near theSoviet border As American officials considered theoffer letters and cables flew between the two leadersand their chief advisers

The reality was that neither Kennedy norKhrushchev wanted nuclear war ldquoOnly lunatics who themselves want to perish and before they diedestroy the world could do thisrdquo wrote the Sovietleader Still the dangerous standoff persisted OnOctober 28 the leaders reached an agreementKennedy publicly agreed not to invade Cuba and pri-vately agreed to remove the Turkish missiles theSoviets agreed to remove their missiles from CubaThe world could breathe again

The Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis TheCuban missile crisis brought the world closer tonuclear war than at any time since World War IIBoth the United States and the Soviet Union hadbeen forced to consider the consequences of such awar In the following months each country seemedready to work to lessen world tensions In August1963 the United States and the Soviet Union con-cluded years of negotiation by agreeing to a treatyto ban the testing of nuclear weapons in the

atmospheremdashthe first step toward mutual armsreduction since the beginning of the Cold War

In the long run however the missile crisis hadominous consequences The humiliating retreat theUnited States forced upon the Soviet leadershipundermined the position of Nikita Khrushchev andcontributed to his fall from power a year later Thenew leadership was less interested in reaching agree-ments with the West Perhaps more important thecrisis gave the Soviets evidence of their military infe-riority and helped produce a dramatic Soviet armsbuildup over the next two decades This buildup con-tributed to a comparable military increase in theUnited States in the early 1980s For a time the armsrace undermined American support for negotiatingwith the Soviets

Summarizing How was the Cubanmissile crisis resolved

The Death of a PresidentSoon after the Senate ratified the test ban treaty

John F Kennedyrsquos presidency came to a shocking andtragic end On November 22 1963 Kennedy and hiswife traveled to Texas with Vice President LyndonJohnson for a series of political appearances As thepresidential motorcade rode slowly through the

Reading Check

Cold War Peak Fears of communism peaked during theCuban missile crisis Routine reconnaissance flights over Cubarevealed the construction of missile sites fueling facilities andlaunch pads What steps did Kennedy take to deal with the

crisis

History

AV-850

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16906535

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-851

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12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

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1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

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1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

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11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

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2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

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24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

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14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

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13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 14: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 849

A communications satellite now in develop-

ment will provide better telephone television and

data service between western Europe the Americas

and Africa Another communications satellite has improved

ship-to-shore communications which used to be interrupted

frequently by bad weather

Increased Safety Remote-controlled robots reduce human

injury levels because they can perform

hazardous tasks men and women used

to carry out Robots can also perform

operations no human being ever could

such as volcano research on the Puna

Ridge of Kilauea Hawaii

Assistance for People With DisabilitiesThe NASA tele-operator and robot technology was used to develop a voice-

controlled wheelchair and manipulator Using a minicomputer the wheel-

chair responds to 35 single-word voice commands helping physically

challenged people perform tasks like picking up packages opening

doors and turning on appliances

expected popular uprising never happened Withintwo days Castrorsquos forces killed or captured almostall the members of La Brigada

The Bay of Pigs was a dark moment for theKennedy administration The action exposed anAmerican plot to overthrow a neighborrsquos govern-ment and the outcome made the United States lookweak and disorganized

The Berlin Wall Goes Up Still reeling from the Bayof Pigs fiasco Kennedy faced another foreign policychallenge beginning in June 1961 when he met withKhrushchev in Vienna Austria The Soviet leaderwas determined to test the resolve of the young pres-ident Khrushchev also wanted to stop the flood ofGermans pouring out of Communist East Germanyinto West Berlin He demanded that the Westernpowers recognize East Germany and that the UnitedStates Great Britain and France withdraw fromBerlin a city lying completely within East GermanyKennedy refused and reaffirmed the Westrsquos commit-ment to West Berlin

Khrushchev retaliated by building a wall throughBerlin blocking movement between the Soviet sector

and the rest of the city Guards posted along the wallshot at many of those attempting to escape from theEast For nearly 30 years afterward the Berlin Wallstood as a visible symbol of the Cold War divisionbetween East and West

The Cuban Missile Crisis By far the most terrifyingcrisis of the Kennedy era occurred the next year Onceagain the crisis dealt with Cuba Over the summer of1962 American intelligence agencies learned thatSoviet technicians and equipment had arrived in Cubaand that military construction was in progress Thenon October 22 President Kennedy announced on tele-vision that American spy planes had taken aerial pho-tographs showing that the Soviet Union had placedlong-range missiles in Cuba Enemy missiles stationedso close to the United States posed a dangerous threat

Kennedy ordered a naval blockade to stop theSoviets from delivering more missiles demanded thatthey dismantle existing missile sites and warned thatif any weapons were launched against the UnitedStates he would respond fully against the SovietUnion Still work on the missile sites continuedNuclear holocaust seemed imminent

AV-849

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15401736

Then after a flurry of secret negotiations theSoviet Union offered a deal It would remove the mis-siles if the United States promised not to invadeCuba and to remove its missiles from Turkey near theSoviet border As American officials considered theoffer letters and cables flew between the two leadersand their chief advisers

The reality was that neither Kennedy norKhrushchev wanted nuclear war ldquoOnly lunatics who themselves want to perish and before they diedestroy the world could do thisrdquo wrote the Sovietleader Still the dangerous standoff persisted OnOctober 28 the leaders reached an agreementKennedy publicly agreed not to invade Cuba and pri-vately agreed to remove the Turkish missiles theSoviets agreed to remove their missiles from CubaThe world could breathe again

The Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis TheCuban missile crisis brought the world closer tonuclear war than at any time since World War IIBoth the United States and the Soviet Union hadbeen forced to consider the consequences of such awar In the following months each country seemedready to work to lessen world tensions In August1963 the United States and the Soviet Union con-cluded years of negotiation by agreeing to a treatyto ban the testing of nuclear weapons in the

atmospheremdashthe first step toward mutual armsreduction since the beginning of the Cold War

In the long run however the missile crisis hadominous consequences The humiliating retreat theUnited States forced upon the Soviet leadershipundermined the position of Nikita Khrushchev andcontributed to his fall from power a year later Thenew leadership was less interested in reaching agree-ments with the West Perhaps more important thecrisis gave the Soviets evidence of their military infe-riority and helped produce a dramatic Soviet armsbuildup over the next two decades This buildup con-tributed to a comparable military increase in theUnited States in the early 1980s For a time the armsrace undermined American support for negotiatingwith the Soviets

Summarizing How was the Cubanmissile crisis resolved

The Death of a PresidentSoon after the Senate ratified the test ban treaty

John F Kennedyrsquos presidency came to a shocking andtragic end On November 22 1963 Kennedy and hiswife traveled to Texas with Vice President LyndonJohnson for a series of political appearances As thepresidential motorcade rode slowly through the

Reading Check

Cold War Peak Fears of communism peaked during theCuban missile crisis Routine reconnaissance flights over Cubarevealed the construction of missile sites fueling facilities andlaunch pads What steps did Kennedy take to deal with the

crisis

History

AV-850

null

16906535

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-851

null

12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-852

null

1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

AV-853

null

1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

null

11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

null

2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

null

24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

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14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

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13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
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Page 15: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

Then after a flurry of secret negotiations theSoviet Union offered a deal It would remove the mis-siles if the United States promised not to invadeCuba and to remove its missiles from Turkey near theSoviet border As American officials considered theoffer letters and cables flew between the two leadersand their chief advisers

The reality was that neither Kennedy norKhrushchev wanted nuclear war ldquoOnly lunatics who themselves want to perish and before they diedestroy the world could do thisrdquo wrote the Sovietleader Still the dangerous standoff persisted OnOctober 28 the leaders reached an agreementKennedy publicly agreed not to invade Cuba and pri-vately agreed to remove the Turkish missiles theSoviets agreed to remove their missiles from CubaThe world could breathe again

The Impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis TheCuban missile crisis brought the world closer tonuclear war than at any time since World War IIBoth the United States and the Soviet Union hadbeen forced to consider the consequences of such awar In the following months each country seemedready to work to lessen world tensions In August1963 the United States and the Soviet Union con-cluded years of negotiation by agreeing to a treatyto ban the testing of nuclear weapons in the

atmospheremdashthe first step toward mutual armsreduction since the beginning of the Cold War

In the long run however the missile crisis hadominous consequences The humiliating retreat theUnited States forced upon the Soviet leadershipundermined the position of Nikita Khrushchev andcontributed to his fall from power a year later Thenew leadership was less interested in reaching agree-ments with the West Perhaps more important thecrisis gave the Soviets evidence of their military infe-riority and helped produce a dramatic Soviet armsbuildup over the next two decades This buildup con-tributed to a comparable military increase in theUnited States in the early 1980s For a time the armsrace undermined American support for negotiatingwith the Soviets

Summarizing How was the Cubanmissile crisis resolved

The Death of a PresidentSoon after the Senate ratified the test ban treaty

John F Kennedyrsquos presidency came to a shocking andtragic end On November 22 1963 Kennedy and hiswife traveled to Texas with Vice President LyndonJohnson for a series of political appearances As thepresidential motorcade rode slowly through the

Reading Check

Cold War Peak Fears of communism peaked during theCuban missile crisis Routine reconnaissance flights over Cubarevealed the construction of missile sites fueling facilities andlaunch pads What steps did Kennedy take to deal with the

crisis

History

AV-850

null

16906535

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-851

null

12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-852

null

1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

AV-853

null

1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

null

11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

null

2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

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1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

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24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

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14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

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13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 16: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

Writing About History

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 851

Checking for Understanding1 Define flexible response space race2 Identify Peace Corps Berlin Wall

Warren Commission3 Explain the goals of the Alliance for

Progress

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology What was

Kennedyrsquos goal for the United States in the space race

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What was the role of for-

eign aid in the relations between theUnited States and Latin America

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list the pro-grams that Kennedy used to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stemcommunism

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photographs on pages 848ndash849Explain how space exploration has ledto other innovations that have affectedour daily lives and standard of living

Programs 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof an American citizen during theCuban missile crisis Write a journalentry describing the mood of thecountry during that time

crowded streets of Dallas gunfire rang out Someonehad shot the president twicemdashonce in the throat andonce in the head Horrified government officials spedKennedy to a nearby hospital where he was pro-nounced dead moments later

Lee Harvey Oswald the man accused of killingKennedy appeared to be a confused and embitteredMarxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union Hehimself was shot to death while in police custodytwo days after the assassination The bizarre situa-tion led some to speculate that the second gunmanlocal nightclub owner Jack Ruby killed Oswald toprotect others involved in the crime In 1964 anational commission headed by Chief Justice Warrenconcluded that Oswald was the lone assassin Thereport of the Warren Commission left some ques-tions unanswered and theories about a conspiracy tokill the president have persisted though none hasgained wide acceptance

In the wake of the assassination the United Statesand the world went into mourning Americans acrossthe land sobbed in public Thousands traveled toWashington DC and waited in a line that stretchedfor several miles outside the Capitol in order to walksilently past the presidentrsquos flag-draped casketMillions of others spent hours in front of their televi-sions simply watching people file past the casket InRome Italy people brought flowers to the Americanembassy In the streets of New Delhi India crowdswept In Africa the president of Guinea said ldquoI havelost my only true friend in the outside worldrdquo

John F Kennedy served as president for little morethan 1000 days Yet his powerful personality andactive approach to the presidency made a profoundimpression on most Americans Aided by the tidal

wave of emotion that followed the presidentrsquos deathhis successor Lyndon Baines Johnson would set outto promote many of the programs that Kennedy leftbehind

Evaluating How did Kennedyrsquospresidency end

Reading Check

A Final Salute John F Kennedy Jr (right) bravely salutes his fatherrsquos coffinduring the state funeral How did people around the world react to JFKrsquos

assassination

History

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-851

null

12872871

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-852

null

1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

AV-853

null

1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

null

11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

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2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

null

24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

null

14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

null

13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Help
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Page 17: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

EyewitnessEyewitnessOn May 22 1964 PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON delivered a speech inAnn Arbor Michigan outlining his domestic agenda that would becomeknown as ldquoThe Great Societyrdquo Speechwriter and policy adviser RichardGoodwin watched the speech on videotape the next morning back inWashington He recalls his reaction

Then with the cheers at first muted as if the audience were surprisedat their own response then mounting toward unrestrained acceptingdelight Johnson concluded ldquoThere are those timid souls who say weare condemned to a soulless wealth I do not agree We have the powerto shape civilization But we need your will your labor your hearts So let us from this moment begin our work so that in the future menwill look back and say It was then after a long and weary way that manturned the exploits of his genius to the full enrichment of his liferdquo

Watching the film in the White House basement almost involuntarily I added my applause to the tumultuous acclaim coming from the soundtrack I clapped for the President and for our country

Match these rock rsquonrsquo roll headliners with their supporting acts

1 Paul Revere and a the Union Gap

2 Martha and b the Supremes

3 Gary Puckett and c the Miracles

4 Gladys Knight and d the Vandellas

5 Smokey Robinson and e the Raiders

6 Diana Ross and f the Pips

W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y W H A T I S A P I P A N Y W A Y

ldquoIs there any place we can catch

them What can we do Are we

working 24 hours a day Can we go

around the moon before themrdquoPRESIDENT JOHN F KENNEDYto Lyndon B Johnson after hearingthat Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

had orbited the earth 1961

ldquoIt was quite a day I donrsquot know

what you can say about a day when

you see four beautiful sunsets

This is a little unusual I thinkrdquoCOLONEL JOHN GLENNin orbit 1962

ldquoThere are tens of millions of

Americans who are beyond the

welfare state Taken as a whole

there is a culture of poverty

bad health poor housing low

levels of aspiration and high levels

of mental distress Twenty percent

of a nation some 32000000rdquoMICHAEL HARRINGTONThe Culture of Poverty 1962

ldquoI have a dreamrdquoMARTIN LUTHER KING1963

ldquoI donrsquot see an American

dream I see an American

nightmare Three hundred and

ten years we worked in this country

without a dime in returnrdquoMALCOLM X1964

ldquoThe Great Society rests on

abundance and liberty for all It

demands an end to poverty and

racial injusticerdquoLYNDON B JOHNSON1964

ldquoIn 1962 the starving residents

of an isolated Indian village

received 1 plow and 1700 pounds

of seeds They ate the seedsrdquoPEACE CORPS AD1965

answers1 e 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 b

BE

TTMA

NN

CO

RB

IS

852 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

AV-852

null

1777911

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

AV-853

null

1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

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11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

null

2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

null

24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

null

14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

null

13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Help
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Page 18: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

N U M B E R S

N E W F R O N T I E R S 1 9 6 1 ndash 1 9 6 8

MilestonesPERFORMED IN ENGLISH 1962THE CATHOLIC MASS followingPope John XXIIIrsquos Second VaticanCouncil ldquoVatican IIrdquo allows theLatin mass to be translated intolocal languages around the world

ENROLLED 1962 JAMESMEREDITH at the University ofMississippi following a SupremeCourt ruling that ordered hisadmission to the previouslysegregated school Rioting and a showdown with state officialswho wished to bar his enrollmentpreceded Meredithrsquos entrance to classes

BROKEN 1965 25-DAY FAST BYCEacuteSAR CHAacuteVEZ labor organizerHis protest convinced others tojoin his nonviolent strike againstthe grape growers shoppersboycotted table grapes in sympathy

STRIPPED1967 MUHAMMADALI of his heavyweight championtitle after refusing induction intothe army following a rejection ofhis application for conscientiousobjector status The boxer wasarrested given a five-yearsentence and fined $10000

PICKETED 1968 The MissAmerica Pageant in Atlantic City byprotesters who believe the contestrsquosemphasis on womenrsquos physicalbeauty is degrading and minimizesthe importance of womenrsquos intellect

REMOVED 1968 TOY GUNSfrom the Sears RoebuckChristmas catalog after theassassinations of Martin LutherKing Jr and Robert Kennedy

7 of African American adultsregistered to vote in Mississippiin 1964 before passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965

67 of African Americanadults in Mississippi registeredto vote in 1969

70 of white adultsregistered to vote in 1964nationwide

90 of white adultsregistered to vote nationwide in 1969

57 Number of days senatorsfilibustered to hold up passageof the Civil Rights Bill in 1964

1412 Hours duration of all-night speech delivered bySenator Robert Byrd before acloture vote stopped the filibuster

72 of elementary and high school teachers approve of corporal punishment as adisciplinary measure in 1961

$80ndash90 Weekly pay for aclerktypist in New York in 1965

$200 Rent for a two-bedroom apartment at Broadwayand 72nd Street on New YorkCityrsquos Upper West Side in 1965

N U M B E R S

AP

RA

LPH

MO

RS

ETIM

EP

IX

HU

LTON

-DE

UTS

CH

CO

LLEC

TION

CO

RB

IS

Space RaceWant to capture some of the glamour and excitement of spaceexploration Create a new nickname for your city You wonrsquot be the first

CITY NICKNAMEDanbury CT Space Age City

Muscle Shoals AL Space Age City

Houston TX Space City USA

Galveston TX Space Port USA

Cape Kennedy FL Spaceport USA

Blacksburg VA Space Age Community

Huntsville AL Rocket City USASpace City USASpace Capital of the NationSpace Capital of the World

John Glenn first American to orbit Earth

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 853

AV-853

null

1843746

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

null

11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

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2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

null

24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

null

14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

null

13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Help
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Page 19: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

November 1963Johnson becomes presidentupon Kennedyrsquos death

854 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

June 1964 August 1965

Johnson Takes the ReinsJohn Rathrsquos life was not the image that many Americans had of their country in the

mid-1960s The United States that President Lyndon Johnson inherited from John FKennedy appeared to be a booming bustling place From new shopping malls to newroads with new cars to fill them everything in the country seemed to shout prosperity

Away from the nationrsquos affluent suburbs however was another country one inhabitedby the poor the ill-fed the ill-housed and the ill-educated Writer Michael Harringtonexamined the nationrsquos impoverished areas in his 1962 book The Other America Harringtonclaimed that while the truly poor numbered almost 50 million they remained largely

In 1961 61-year-old John Rath lived in a sparsely furnished room in Chicago In the room sat a

stove a sink a package of cereal and a tiny icebox The plaster on the wall was crumbling the ceiling

was cracked and the window shades were smudged Telling his story to an interviewer Rath said

ldquoI come home to an empty room I donrsquot even have a dog No this is not the kind of life I would

choose If a man had a little piece of land or something a farm or well anyway yoursquove got to

have something You sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth you follow me So many of

them are doing that they sit down they donrsquot know what to do they go out I see rsquoem in the middle

of the night they take a walk Donrsquot know what to do Have no home environment donrsquot have a dog

donrsquot have nothing just a big zerordquomdashquoted in Division Street America

The Great Society

Main IdeaLyndon Johnson succeeded John FKennedy as president and greatlyexpanded Kennedyrsquos agenda with far-reaching programs in many areas

Key Terms and Namesconsensus war on poverty VISTA GreatSociety Medicare Medicaid Head StartRobert Weaver

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about LyndonJohnsonrsquos presidency complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below to listthe social and economic programs startedduring his administration

Reading Objectives bull Explain what inspired Johnsonrsquos Great

Society programsbull Identify several specific health

and employment programs of theJohnson administration

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy In a timeof prosperity President Johnson wonsupport for extending government aid tothe poor and elderly

Johnsonrsquos

Programs

January 1965

August 1964Congress enacts EconomicOpportunity Act

November 1964Johnson wins electionas president

July 1965Congress passes Medical Care Actestablishing Medicare and Medicaid

November 1963

AV-854

null

11895942

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

null

2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

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1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

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24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

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14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

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13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 20: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

hidden in city slums in rural areas in the Deep Southand on Native American reservations

Harringtonrsquos book moved many Americans andinspired both President Kennedy and his successorLyndon Johnson to make the elimination of povertya major policy goal The nation was prosperous andmany leaders had come to believe that the economycould be managed so that prosperity would be per-manent They believed the federal government couldafford to fund a new antipoverty program

Lyndon Johnson decided to continue withKennedyrsquos plan soon after taking office Immediatelyafter President Kennedy was pronounced dead offi-cials whisked Johnson to the airport At 238 PM onNovember 22 1963 he stood in the cabin of Air ForceOne the presidentrsquos plane with Jacqueline Kennedyon one side of him and his wife Lady Bird on theother Johnson raised his right hand placed his lefthand on a Bible and took the oath of office

Johnson knew that he had to assure a stunnedpublic that he could hold the nation together that hewas a leader He later recalled the urgency withwhich he had to act

ldquoA nation stunned shaken to its very heart had to

be reassured that the government was not in a state

of paralysis that the business of the United States

would proceed I knew that not only the nation but

the whole world would be anxiously following every

move I mademdashwatching judging weighing balanc-

ing It was imperative that I grasp the reins of

power and do so without delay Any hesitation or

wavering any false step any sign of self-doubt could

have been disastrousrdquomdashquoted in Lyndon Johnson

and the American Dream

Days after the assassination Johnson appearedbefore Congress and urged the nation to move onldquoThe ideas and ideals which [Kennedy] so nobly rep-resented must and will be translated into effectiveactionrdquo he stated ldquoJohn Kennedyrsquos death commandswhat his life conveyedmdashthat America must moveforwardrdquo

Johnsonrsquos Leadership Style Lyndon Baines Johnsonwas born and raised in the ldquohill countryrdquo of centralTexas near the banks of the Pedernales River Heremained a Texan in his heart and in his life

Johnsonrsquos style posed a striking contrast withKennedyrsquos He was a man of impressive stature whospoke directly convincingly and even roughly attimes His style was more that of a persuasive and

personable politician than of the elegant society manFinding it difficult to gain acceptance from theEastern establishment in the nationrsquos capital he oftenreveled in his rough image

Johnson had honed his style in long years of pub-lic service By the time he became president at age 55he already had 26 years of congressional experiencebehind him He had been a congressional staffer amember of the US House of Representatives a USsenator Senate majority leader and vice president

As he moved up the political ladder Johnsondeveloped a reputation as a man who got thingsdone He did favors twisted arms bargained flat-tered and threatened The tactics he used to per-suade others became known throughout Washingtonas the ldquoJohnson treatmentrdquo Several writers describedthis often overpowering and intimidating style

ldquoThe Treatment could last ten minutes or four

hours Its tone could be supplication accusation

cajolery exuberance scorn tears complaint the hint

of threat It was all these together Interjections

from the target were rare Johnson anticipated them

Home on the Range Bornand raised in Texas PresidentJohnson loved to get back to hisranch in the Texas hill countryHow does this image contrast

with those of his predecessors

History

AV-855

null

2345346

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

null

1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

null

24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

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14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

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13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 21: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

Rural Poverty Photographs such as this one of AliceMae Wyatt and her childrenmdash6-year-old Sally and 17-month-old Henrymdashshocked many Americans and wonsupport for Johnsonrsquos programs Why was the president

so concerned about poverty

History

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

ldquo many Americanslive on the outskirts

of hope rdquomdashLyndon Johnson

before they could be spoken He moved in close his

face a scant millimeter from his target his eyes

widening and narrowing his eyebrows rising and

falling From his pocket poured clippings memos sta-

tistics Mimicry humor and the genius of analogy

made The Treatment an almost hypnotic experience

and rendered the target stunned and helplessrdquomdashfrom Lyndon Johnson The Exercise of Power

With every technique he could think of Johnsonsought to find consensus or general agreement Hisability to build coalitions had made him one of themost effective and powerful leaders in the Senatersquoshistory

A War on Poverty As president Johnson used hisconsiderable talents to push through a number ofKennedyrsquos initiatives Before the end of 1964 he wonpassage of a tax cut a major civil rights bill and asignificant anti-poverty program

Why was this powerful man so concerned aboutpoor people Johnson liked to exaggerate the poorconditions of his childhood for dramatic effect but

he had in fact known hard times He had also seenextreme poverty firsthand in a brief career as ateacher in a low-income area Johnson understoodsuffering and he believed deeply in social action Hefelt that a wealthy powerful government could andshould try to improve the lives of its citizensKennedy himself had said of Johnson ldquoHe reallycares about this nationrdquo Finally there was Johnsonrsquosambition He wanted to achieve great things so thathistory would record him as a great presidentAttacking poverty was a good place to begin

Plans for an anti-poverty program were already inplace when Johnson took office and he knew that hewould be able to command strong support for anyprogram that could be linked to Kennedy In his Stateof the Union address to Congress in 1964 barelyseven weeks after taking office President Johnsontold his audience ldquoUnfortunately many Americanslive on the outskirts of hope some because of theirpoverty and some because of their color and all toomany because of bothrdquo Johnson concluded hisspeech by announcing that his administration wasdeclaring an ldquounconditional war on poverty inAmericardquo

AV-856

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1409026

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

null

24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

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14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

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13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Help
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Page 22: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

By the summer of 1964 Johnson had convincedCongress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act Theact established a wide range of programs aimed atcreating jobs and fighting poverty It also created anew government agency the Office of EconomicOpportunity (OEO) to coordinate the new programsMany of the new programs were directed at youngAmericans living in the inner city The NeighborhoodYouth Corps provided work-study programs to helpunderprivileged young men and women earn a highschool diploma or college degree The Job Corps triedto help young unemployed people find jobs One ofthe more dramatic programs introduced was VISTA(Volunteers in Service to America) which was essentially a domestic Peace Corps VISTA put youngpeople with skills and community-minded ideals towork in poor neighborhoods and rural areas to helppeople overcome poverty

The Election of 1964 As early as April 1964 Fortunemagazine declared ldquoLyndon Johnson has achieved abreadth of public approval few observers would havebelieved possible when he took officerdquo Johnson hadlittle time to enjoy such praise for he was soon to runfor the office he had first gained through a tragic event

Johnsonrsquos Republican opponent in the 1964 presi-dential election was Barry Goldwater of Arizona asenator known for his outspoken conservatism Heset the tone for his campaign when he accepted hispartyrsquos nomination declaring ldquoExtremism in thedefense of liberty is no vice And let me remind youalso that moderation in the pursuit of justice is novirtuerdquo

Few Americans were ready to embrace Goldwaterrsquosmessage which was too aggressive for a nation nerv-ous about nuclear war On Election Day Johnson wonin a landslide winning all but five southern states andArizona ldquoFor the first time in my liferdquo he said later ldquoItruly felt loved by the American peoplerdquo

Examining What inspired the waron poverty

The Great SocietyAfter his election Johnson began working with

Congress to create the ldquoGreat Societyrdquo he had prom-ised during his campaign In this same period majorgoals of the civil rights movement were achievedwith the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964which barred discrimination of many kinds and theVoting Rights Act of 1965 which ensured AfricanAmericansrsquo right to vote

The Great Society was Johnsonrsquos vision of themore perfect and equitable society the UnitedStates could and should become According to BillMoyers who served as Johnsonrsquos press secretaryJohnson admired Franklin Roosevelt and wanted tofulfill FDRrsquos mission To do that would require aprogram that would be on the same large scale asthe New Deal

Johnsonrsquos goals were consistent with the times forseveral reasons The civil rights movement hadbrought the grievances of African Americans to theforefront reminding many that greater equality ofopportunity had yet to be realized Economics alsosupported Johnsonrsquos goal The economy was strongand many believed it would remain so indefinitelyThere was no reason therefore that poverty could notbe significantly reducedmdashespecially when some hadso much and others had so little

Johnson first elaborated on the goals of the GreatSociety during a speech at the University of MichiganIt was clear that the president did not intend only toexpand relief to the poor or to confine governmentefforts to material things The president wanted hesaid to build a better society for all a society ldquowhereleisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect where the city of man serves not only the needs of thebody and the demands of commerce but the desire forbeauty and the hunger for community rdquo

Reading Check

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 857

Conservative Stance The extreme language of Senator Barry Goldwaterrsquoscampaign posed little challenge to President Johnson How many states did

Goldwater win

History

AV-857

null

24017761

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

null

14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

null

13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 23: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

This ambitious vision encompassed a multitude ofprograms In the three years between 1965 and 1968more than 60 programs were passed Among themost significant programs were Medicare andMedicaid Health care reform had been a major issuesince the days of Harry Truman By the 1960s publicsupport for better health care benefits had solidifiedMedicare had especially strong support since it wasdirected at the entire elderly populationmdashin 1965around half of those over the age of 65 had no healthinsurance

Johnson convinced Congress to set up Medicare as ahealth insurance program funded through the SocialSecurity system Medicarersquos twin program Medicaidfinanced health care for welfare recipients those whowere living below the poverty line Like the NewDealrsquos Social Security program both programs createdwhat have been called ldquoentitlementsrdquo that is they enti-tle certain categories of Americans to benefits Todaythe cost of these programs has become a permanentpart of the US budget

Great Society programs also strongly supportededucation For Johnson who had taught school when

he was a young man education was a personal pas-sion Vice President Hubert Humphrey once said thatJohnson ldquowas a nut on education [He] believedin it just like some people believe in miracle curesrdquo

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of1965 granted millions of dollars to public and privateschools for textbooks library materials and specialeducation programs Efforts to improve educationalso extended to preschoolers where Project HeadStart administered by the Office of EconomicOpportunity was directed at disadvantaged childrenwho had ldquonever looked at a picture book or scribbledwith a crayonrdquo Another program Upward Boundwas designed to provide college preparation for low-income teenagers

Improvements in health and education were onlythe beginning of the Great Society programs Becauseof the deterioration of inner cities Johnson toldCongress that ldquoAmericarsquos cities are in crisisrdquoConditions in the citiesmdashpoor schools crime slumhousing poverty and pollutionmdashblighted the lives ofthose who lived there Johnson urged Congress to acton several pieces of legislation addressing this issue

858 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

Health and Welfare

Medicare (1965) estab-lished a comprehensivehealth insurance programfor all elderly peoplefinanced through the SocialSecurity system

Medicaid (1965) fundedby federal and state govern-ments provided health and medical assistance to low-income families

Child Nutrition Act (1966) established a school breakfast program and expanded the school lunchprogram and milk program to improve poor childrenacutesnutrition

The ldquoWar on Povertyrdquo

The Office of EconomicOpportunity (1964) over-saw many programs toimprove life in inner citiesincluding Job Corps an education and job trainingprogram for at-risk youth

Demonstration Cities and MetropolitanDevelopment Act (1966)helped revitalize urban areasthrough a variety of socialand economic programs

Housing and UrbanDevelopment Act (1965)established new housingsubsidy programs and madefederal loans and public housing grants easier toobtain

Consumer andEnvironmental Protection

The Water Quality Act andClean Air Acts (1965) supported development ofstandards and goals forwater and air quality

The Highway Safety Act(1966) supported highwaysafety by improving federalstate and local coordinationand by creating trainingstandards for emergencymedical technicians

The Fair Packaging andLabeling Act (1966)required all consumer products to have true andinformative labels

Major Great Society Programs

Education

The Elementary andSecondary Education Act(1965) targeted aid to students and funded relatedactivities such as adult education and educationcounseling

Higher Education Act(1965) supported collegetuition scholarships studentloans and work-study programs for low- and middle-income students

Project Head Start (1965)funded a preschool program for the disadvantaged

1 Interpreting Charts What was the purpose of theOffice of Economic Opportunity

2 Evaluating Which Great Society program do youthink had the most impact on American society Why

AV-858

null

14858336

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

null

13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 24: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 859

One created a new cabinet agency the Department ofHousing and Urban Development in 1965 Its firstsecretary Robert Weaver was the first AfricanAmerican to serve in a cabinet A broad-based pro-gram informally called ldquoModel Citiesrdquo authorizedfederal subsidies to many cities nationwide Thefunds matched by local and state contributions sup-ported an array of programs including transporta-tion health care housing and policing Since manydepressed urban areas lacked sufficient or affordablehousing legislation also authorized about $8 billionto build houses for low- and middle-income people

One notable Great Society measure changed the composition of the American population theImmigration Reform Act of 1965 For a brief time thisact maintained a strict limit on the number of immi-grants admitted to the United States each year 170000from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120000 from theWestern Hemisphere It did however eliminate thenational origins system established in the 1920s whichhad given preference to northern European immi-grants The new measure opened wider the door of

the United States to newcomers from all parts ofEurope as well as from Asia and Africa

Summarizing What were the GreatSociety programs

Legacy of the Great SocietyThe Great Society programs touched nearly every

aspect of American life and improved thousands if notmillions of lives In the years since President Johnsonleft office however debate has continued overwhether or not the Great Society was truly a success

In many ways the impact of the Great Society waslimited In his rush to get as much done as he couldJohnson did not calculate exactly how his programsmight work As a result some of them did not workas well as people had hoped Furthermore the pro-grams grew so quickly they were often unmanage-able and difficult to evaluate

Cities states and groups eligible for aid began toexpect immediate and life-changing benefits These

Reading Check

YOUTHrsquoS HELPINGHANDIn 1965 VISTA (Volunteers inService to America) was created as part of PresidentJohnsonrsquos war on povertyRoused by the social con-sciousness of the early 1960sthousands of students andyoung people focused theirenergy into working with local agencies in low-incomecommunities around thenation One of VISTArsquos basicthemes was to help localcommunities mobilize theirown resources Since 1993VISTA has been a part of theAmeriCorps network of service programs

MOMENTinHISTORY

AV-859

null

13996211

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Help
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Page 25: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

expectations often left many feeling frustrated andangry Other Americans opposed the massive growthof federal programs and criticized the Great Societyfor intruding too much into their lives

A lack of funds also hurt the effectiveness of GreatSociety programs The programs themselves wereexpensive enough When Johnson attempted to fundboth his grand domestic agenda and the increasinglycostly war in Vietnam the Great Society eventuallysuffered Some Great Society initiatives have survived

to the present however These includeMedicare and Medicaid two cabinetagenciesmdashthe Department of Trans-portation and the Department ofHousing and Urban Development(HUD)mdashand Project Head StartOverall the programs provided someimportant benefits to poorer commu-nities and gave political and adminis-trative experience to minority groups

An important legacy of the GreatSociety was the questions it pro-duced questions Americans continueto consider How can the federal gov-ernment help its disadvantaged citi-zens How much government helpcan a society have without weakeningthe private sector How much helpcan its people receive without losingmotivation to fight against hardshipson their own

Lyndon Johnson came into officedetermined to change the UnitedStates in a way few other presidentshad attempted If he fell short it was

perhaps that the goals he set were so high In evalu-ating the administrationrsquos efforts the New YorkTimes wrote ldquoThe walls of the ghettos are not goingto topple overnight nor is it possible to wipe outthe heritage of generations of social economic andeducational deprivation by the stroke of aPresidential penrdquo

Evaluating What was the impact ofthe Great Society

Reading Check

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define consensus war on poverty2 Identify VISTA Great Society

Medicare Medicaid Head Start RobertWeaver

3 Describe how the Great Society pro-grams were inspired

Reviewing Themes4 Government and Democracy How did

Johnsonrsquos war on poverty strive toensure greater fairness in Americansociety

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting What were three legacies

of the Great Society6 Organizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list five ofthe Great Society initiatives that havesurvived to the present

Analyzing Visuals7 Photographs Study the photograph on

page 856 Why do you think picturessuch as this one would help build sup-port for the war on poverty

860 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

i n H i s t o r yEsther Peterson1906ndash1997

In the 1930s Boston employers askedwomen who sewed aprons for them toswitch from square pockets to a moredifficult heart-shaped pocket but theydid not offer any increase in pay EstherPeterson a local teacher and outspokenadvocate for womenrsquos rights led theworkers in a strike for more money Thewomen won their pay raise For 60 yearsEsther Peterson continued to use her tactand will to fight for womenrsquos rights tradeunions and consumers

Born in Provo Utah as EstherEggertsen Peterson became a teacherin the 1930s She taught milliners tele-phone operators and garment workersat the innovative Bryn Mawr SummerSchool for Women Workers in IndustryIn 1961 President Kennedy selected herto serve as Assistant Secretary of Laborand Director of the Womenrsquos Bureau

Peterson thenencouragedKennedy to createa PresidentialCommission on theStatus of Women to focusattention on working women

Under President Johnson Petersonserved as Special Assistant forConsumer Affairs where she workedon consumer concerns Lynda JohnsonRobb daughter of President Johnsondescribed Peterson this way ldquoShe hada velvet hammer and talked people intodoing what was right even if we didnrsquotknow it at the timerdquo Peterson contin-ued to use her ldquovelvet hammerrdquo for thepublic good throughout her long life At the time of her death at the age of91 she was actively promoting seniorcitizensrsquo health issues

Great Society Initiatives 8 Descriptive Writing Take on the roleof a biographer Write a chapter in abiography of Lyndon Johnson in whichyou compare and contrast his leader-ship style to that of John Kennedy

Study Central TMTo review this section go to

and click on Study CentralTMtavglencoecom

AV-860

null

113787445

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

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10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

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8

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34107646

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CandidateElectoral

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Nixon

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Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Help
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Page 26: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

Why Learn This SkillImagine you have just done poorly on a chemistry

exam You wonder why you cannot do better sinceyou always go to class take notes and study forexams In order to improve your grades you need toidentify the specific problem and then take actionsto solve it

Learning the Skill There are six key steps you should follow that

will help you through the problem-solving process

bull Identify the problem In the case listed aboveyou know that you are not doing well on chemistry exams

bull Gather information You know that you alwaysgo to class and take notes You study by yourselffor about two hours each day for two or threedays before the exam You also know that yousometimes forget details or get confused aboutthings as you are taking the exam

bull List and consider possible solutions For example instead of studying by yourself youmight try studying with a friend or a group Youmight also study for shorter timespans to avoidoverloading yourself with information

bull Consider the advantages and disadvantages ofeach solution

bull Now that you have listed and considered thepossible options you need to choose the bestsolution to your problem Choose what you thinkis the right solution and carry it out

bull Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Thiswill help you determine if you have solved theproblem If you earn better scores on the next fewchemistry tests you will know that you havesolved your problem

Practicing the SkillReread the material in Section 1 on page 842

under the heading ldquoKennedy Struggles with

Congressrdquo Use that information and the steps listedon this page to answer the following questions

1 What problem didKennedy encounteras he tried to passdomestic policy leg-islation throughCongress

2 What options wereavailable to the pres-ident in facing thisopposition Whatwere the advantagesand disadvantages

3 Explain the solutionKennedy imple-mented to solve hisproblem

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquossolution Was it successful How do you deter-mine this

Skills Assessment Complete the Practicing Skills questions on

page 863 and the Chapter 28 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Problem Solving

Applying the SkillProblem Solving The conservation club at your school

has no money to continue its recycling project The

school district allocated money to the club at the begin-

ning of the year but that money has been spent As a

member of the club you have been asked to join a

committee to save the conservation club and its proj-

ects Write an essay describing the problem the list of

options and their advantages and disadvantages a

solution and an evaluation of the chosen solution

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction and

practice in key social studies skills

861

Critical Thinking

AV-861

null

19163736

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 27: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

Reviewing Key Facts8 Identify New Frontier Earl Warren Peace Corps Warren

Commission Great Society Head Start

9 How was the 1960 presidential election a new kind ofcampaign

10 What main issues did Nixon and Kennedy discuss in their tel-evised debate

11 How close was the outcome of the 1960 presidential electionbetween Nixon and Kennedy

12 What was Kennedyrsquos response to the steel industryrsquos decisionto raise prices sharply

13 What were three measures Kennedy took to strengthen theeconomy

14 What were three programs set up by Kennedy to reduce thethreat of nuclear war and to try to stem communism

15 What inspired President Johnsonrsquos war on poverty

16 What was the purpose of Medicare passed during Johnsonrsquosadministration

17 Which Great Society initiatives are still in effect today

Critical Thinking18 Analyzing Themes Government and Democracy Why

were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislationin American history

19 Evaluating In the 1960 presidential debate most radio lis-teners thought Nixon had won while most television viewersthought Kennedy had Why do you think this was so

20 Drawing Conclusions How did Kennedy help preventCommunist movements from flourishing in Latin America

21 Analyzing President Kennedy was unable to pass civil rightslegislation What were some of the factors that allowedPresident Johnson to push civil rights forward afterKennedyrsquos assassination

22 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the crises of the Cold War during the Kennedyadministration

23 Evaluating How did the Warren Court decisions in Baker vCarr and Reynolds v Sims affect voting power in the nation

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Although the standard of living for most Americans rose dramatically throughout the

1 missile gap

2 reapportionment

3 due process

4 flexible response

5 space race

6 consensus

7 war on poverty

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Crises

862 CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society

bull Reynolds v Sims boosts votingpower of urban dwellersincluding many minorities

bull Extension of due process givesmore protection to peopleaccused of crimes

bull Court rules that states could not require prayer and Bible readings in public schools

bull ldquoFlexible responserdquo policymaintains opposition tocommunism

bull US pledges aid to strugglingLatin American nations

bull Peace Corps offers humanitarianaid in poor countries

bull Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with theSoviet Union eases Cold War tensions

bull Office of Economic Opportunity fightsilliteracy unemployment and disease

bull Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racediscrimination and social segregation

bull Voting Rights Act protects the rightto vote

bull Medicare and Medicaid Acts providefederal medical aid to the elderlyand poor

bull Elementary and Secondary EducationAct increases aid for public schools

Foreign PolicyDomestic Programs

The New Frontier and the Great Society

Supreme Court Cases

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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Page 28: A Time of Upheaval...836 1954–1980 A Time of Upheaval From a presidential assassination to massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the civil rights movement, the post–World

1960s some Americans remained mired in poverty Rereadthe excerpt on page 854 in which John Rath discusses hispersonal experiences with coping with poverty in hissparsely furnished room in Chicago Then answer the following questionsa What does Rath think might help him to have some

purpose in his life

b What does Rath mean when he says ldquoYou sit down in a place like this you grit your teeth rdquo

Practicing Skills 25 Problem Solving Reread the passage on pages 849ndash850

titled ldquoThe Cuban Missile Crisisrdquo Use that information toanswer the following questionsa What problem did Kennedy encounter in Cuba

b What options were available to the president in this situation What were the advantages and disadvantagesof each option

c Explain the solution Kennedy used to resolve the Cubanmissile crisis

d Was Kennedyrsquos solution successful Why or why not

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Using the Internet Search the Internet

to check the status of Great Society programs today Find outhow these programs have changed since they were initiatedMake a chart showing the provisions of the programs in the1960s compared to the provisions of the programs today

Writing Activity27 Expository Writing Assume the role of a historian Evaluate

the effectiveness of Kennedyrsquos New Frontier and JohnsonrsquosGreat Society programs Write an article for a historical jour-nal explaining the successes and setbacks of each presidentrsquospolicy agendas

Geography and History28 The map on this page shows the results of the presidential

election of 1960 Study the map and answer the questionsbelowa Interpreting Maps Which regions of the country supported

Kennedy Which regions supported Nixon

b Applying Geography Skills What would have happenedif Kennedy had lost New York to Nixon

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 28 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the best answer to thefollowing question

All of the following were effects of rulings by the WarrenCourt EXCEPT

A Involved federal courts in the reapportionment of stateelection districts

B Extended rights for people accused of crimes

C Protected religious minorities through greater separationof church and state

D Increased state authority at the expense of federalauthority

Test-Taking Tip This question calls for an answer that

does NOT accurately complete the statement The Warren

Court expanded individual civil liberties and the power of

the judicial branch Eliminate answers that had either of

those effects

CHAPTER 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 863

10

12

11

6

4

44

27 13

10

25

32

128

1411

8

12

10

45

4

35

16

48

16

3

9

20

6 5

10

8

1386

3

4

43

6

9

32

24

44 7

1

8

IOWA

WIS

MINN

NEBR

S DAK

N DAKMONT

ILL IND

KY

OHIOPA

VAWVA

NCTENN

SCGA

FLA

NY

NHVT ME

MASSRI

CONNNJ

DEL

MD

MICH

ALA

LA

ARK

MOKANSCOLO

NEVUTAH

IDAHOWYO

OREG

WASH

CALIF

TEX

N MEXARIZ OKLA

MISS

HAWAII3

ALASKA3

Republican

Independent

34107646

501643

219

15

CandidateElectoral

VotePopular

VotePolitical

Party

Nixon

Byrd

Presidential Election 1960

Kennedy 303 34227096 DemocratHAWAII3

Election of 1960 MotionIn

  • The American Vision
    • Table of Contents
      • Previewing Your Textbook
      • Scavenger Hunt
      • Reading for Information
      • How Do I Study History
      • Reading Skills Handbook
        • Identifying Words and Building vocabulary
        • Reading for a Reason
        • Understanding What You Read
        • Thinking About Your Reading
        • Understanding Text Structure
        • Reading for Research
          • National Geographic Reference Atlas
            • United States Political
            • United States Physical
            • United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment
            • United States Territorial Growth
            • Middle America PhysicalPolitical
            • Canada PhysicalPolitical
            • Middle East PhysicalPolitical
            • World Political
              • United States Facts
              • National Geographic Geography Handbook
                • Introduction
                • Globes and Maps
                • Using Maps
                • The Elements of Geography
                • Geographic Dictionary
                  • Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763
                    • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                      • Section 1 The Migration to America
                      • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                      • Section 3 African Cultures
                      • Section 4 European Cultures
                      • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                      • Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities
                        • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                          • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                          • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                          • Section 3 New England
                          • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                          • Chapter 2 Assessment and Activities
                            • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                              • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                              • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                              • Section 3 The Imperial System
                              • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                              • Chapter 3 Assessment and Activities
                                  • Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816
                                    • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                      • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                      • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                      • The Declaration of Independence
                                      • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                      • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                      • Chapter 4 Assessment and Activities
                                        • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                          • Section 1 The Confederation
                                          • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                          • Section 3 Ratification
                                          • Chapter 5 Assessment and Activities
                                            • The Constitution Handbook
                                            • The Constitution of the United States
                                            • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                              • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                              • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                              • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                              • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                              • Chapter 6 Assessment and Activities
                                                  • Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850
                                                    • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                      • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                      • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                      • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                      • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                      • Chapter 7 Assessment and Activities
                                                        • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                          • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                          • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                          • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                          • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                          • Chapter 8 Assessment and Activities
                                                            • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                              • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                              • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                              • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                              • Chapter 9 Assessment and Activities
                                                                  • Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877
                                                                    • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                      • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                      • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                      • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                      • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                      • Chapter 10 Assessment and Activities
                                                                        • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                          • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                          • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                          • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                          • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                          • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                          • Chapter 11 Assessment and Activities
                                                                            • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                              • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                              • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                              • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                              • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                              • Chapter 12 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                  • Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900
                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                      • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                      • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                      • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                          • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                          • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                          • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                          • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                            • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                              • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                              • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                              • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                              • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                  • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                  • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                      • Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                          • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                          • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                            • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                              • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                              • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                              • Chapter 18 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                  • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                  • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                  • Chapter 19 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                      • Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                          • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                          • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                              • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                              • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                          • Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960
                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 24 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                  • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 25 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 26 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 27 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                              • Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                  • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 32 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 33 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 34 Assessment and Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presidents of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supreme Court Case Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flag Etiquette
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acknowledgments and Photo Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Primary Sources Library
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Documents of American History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • American Literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • What Ifhellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Technology amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linking Past amp Present
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Different Viewpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Geography amp History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • National Geographic Moment in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World History Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • World Geography Connection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Profiles in History
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SkillBuilder
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study amp Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Why It Matters
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • What Life Was Likehellip
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Youre the Historian
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • TIME Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fact Fiction Folklore
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Primary Source Quotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • National Geographic Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Charts amp Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Student Workbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Haitian Creole Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Migration to America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Native American Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 African Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 European Cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 Europe Encounters America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 English Colonies in America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 New England
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Southern Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Imperial System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 A Diverse Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Revolution Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The War for Independence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The War Changes American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Confederation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A New Constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Ratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Washington and Congress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Partisan Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Jefferson in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War of 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 American Nationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Early Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Land of Cotton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Growing Sectionalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Jacksonian America
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 A Changing Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Reforming Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Western Pioneers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Independence for Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The War With Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Mounting Violence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Union Dissolves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Opposing Sides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Early Stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Life During the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Turning Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Republican Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Miners and Ranchers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Farming the Plains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Native Americans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Rise of Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Railroads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Big Business
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Unions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Immigration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Gilded Age
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Stalemate in Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Populism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Rise of Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Imperialist Vision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Spanish-American War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New American Diplomacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Roosevelt in Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Taft Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The Wilson Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The United States Enters World War I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 A Bloody Conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Wars Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 A Clash of Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Cultural Innovations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 African American Culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Presidential Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 A Growing Economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Causes of the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Life During the Depression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Hoover Responds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The First New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Second New Deal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The New Deal Coalition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 America and the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 World War II Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Holocaust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 America Enters the War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mobilizing for War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Early Battles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life on the Home Front
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 5 The War Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Early Cold War Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 The Cold War and American Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Affluent Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 The Other Side of American Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The New Frontier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 JFK and the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Great Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Movement Begins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Challenging Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 New Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 The War Winds Down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 The Feminist Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Saving the Earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nixon Administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 The Watergate Scandal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Ford and Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The New Conservatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Reagan Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Life in the 1980s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 The End of the Cold War
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Technological Revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Clinton Years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 An Interdependent World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 America Enters a New Century
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 5 The War on Terrorism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El populismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Fin de la guerra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spanish Summaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Objectives Addressed in the Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Workbook Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preparing for a Standardized Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6 Making Inferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10 Detecting Bias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17 Interpreting Primary Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18 Persuasive Writing About an Issue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23 Outlining Information for Writing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25 Making Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26 Writing a News Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 28 Making Generalizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 33 Forming Hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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